{"data":{"canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","workId":"gita","work":"gita","edition":"gita-standard-700","corpusVersion":"gita-1.0.0-rc.1","chapter":10,"verse":33,"speaker":"Krishna","representations":{"devanagari":"अक्षराणामकारोऽस्मि द्वन्द्वः सामासिकस्य च।\nअहमेवाक्षयः कालो धाताहं विश्वतोमुखः ॥","iast":"akṣarāṇāmakāro.asmi dvandvaḥ sāmāsikasya ca\nahamevākṣayaḥ kālo dhātāhaṃ viśvatomukhaḥ","english":"Among letters I am the letter A, and among the group of compounds the copulative compound. I myself am time inexhaustible, and I the creator whose faces are in all directions."},"translation":{"translator":"Kashinath Trimbak Telang","editionYear":1882,"status":"machine-aligned; two human reviews pending","alignmentConfidence":0.747},"variants":[],"provenance":[{"sourceId":"vedic-scriptures","locator":"BG10.33","role":"Devanagari and IAST digital witness"},{"sourceId":"telang-1882","locator":"Chapter 10; aligned against BG10.33","role":"English translation witness"}],"review":{"transcription":"machine-cross-checked","firstHumanReview":"pending","secondHumanReview":"pending","releaseEligible":false},"checksum":"76e42e0cd00bc93efdcdfd20e03e0183a0db1254313bd963eb4ca4f75b480fdc","commentaries":[{"id":"prabhupada-ec:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"A-kāra, the first letter of the Sanskrit alphabet, is the beginning of the Vedic literature. Without a-kāra, nothing can be sounded; therefore it is the beginning of sound. In Sanskrit there are also many compound words, of which the dual word, like rāma-kṛṣṇa, is called dvandva. In this compound, the words rāma and kṛṣṇa have the same form, and therefore the compound is called dual. Among all kinds of killers, time is the ultimate because time kills everything. Time is the representative of Kṛṣṇa because in due course of time there will be a great fire and everything will be annihilated. Among the living entities who are creators, Brahmā, who has four heads, is the chief. Therefore he is a representative of the Supreme Lord, Kṛṣṇa.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/prabhu/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"da13f19ac19d86a1754435b036c887e4f50dadc33d124c5ce15b0ce0a29db795","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"prabhupada-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"Of letters I am the letter A, and among compound words I am the dual compound. I am also inexhaustible time, and of creators I am Brahmā.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/prabhu/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c5805b029a814d33a7f705b6e7bb4e8c61997da6f8c8d2f8bbdba1b4c86b3ba9","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.19 -- 10.42।।हन्त ते कथयिष्यामीत्यादि जगत्स्थित इत्यन्तम्। अहमात्मा (श्लो. 20) इत्यनेन व्यवच्छेदं वारयति। अन्यथा स्थावराणां हिमालय इत्यादिवाक्येषु हिमालय एव भगवान् नान्य इति व्यवच्छेदेन? निर्विभागत्वाभावात् ब्रह्मदर्शनं खण्डितम् अभविष्यत्। यतो यस्याखण्डाकारा व्याप्तिस्तथा चेतसि न उपारोहति? तां च [यो] जिज्ञासति तस्यायमुपदेशग्रन्थः। तथाहि उपसंहारे ( उपसंहारेण) भेदाभेदवादं,यद्यद्विभूतिमत्सत्त्वम् (श्लो -- 41) इत्यनेनाभिधाय? पश्चादभेदमेवोपसंहरति अथवा बहुनैतेन -- विष्टभ्याहमिदं -- एकांशेन जगत् स्थितः (श्लो -- 42) इति। उक्तं हि -- पादोऽस्य विश्वा भूतानि त्रिपादस्यामृतं दिवि।।इति -- RV? X? 90? 3प्रजानां सृष्टिहेतुः सर्वमिदं भगवत्तत्त्वमेव तैस्तेर्विचित्रै रूपैर्भाव्यमानं (S तत्त्वमेतैस्तैर्विचित्रैः रूपैः ? N -- विचित्ररूपै -- ) सकलस्य (S?N सकलमस्य) विषयतां यातीति।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/abhinav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b734edd0df88bb88c2e60c3923ae0064528df11c4c909df33b35b62b933070b4","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 See Comment under 10.42","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/abhinav/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"a513737896ee7cff6ee73a59fd21076303822c65454c434639d394fee063d462","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"dhanapati-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"dhanapati","author":"Dhanapati","editionId":"dhanapati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।अक्षराणामकारोर्णोऽस्मिअकारो वै सर्वा वाक्?आकारो स्यात् इत्युक्तेः। सामासिकस्याव्ययीभावतत्पुरुषबहुब्रीहिद्वन्द्वसमाससमुदायस्य द्वन्द्वः समासोऽस्मि। तस्योभयपदप्रधानत्वेन श्रेष्ठत्वात्। ननु सममेकत्र आसनं समासो विदुषां वा गुरुशिष्याणां वा मन्त्रार्थ कतार्थं वा एकत्रावस्थानं तत्र विदितमर्थजातं सामासिकं चातुर्थिकष्ठक्।ठस्येकः इतीकादेशः।यस्येति च इत्यलोपः। तस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वो रहस्योर्थोऽहंद्वन्द्वं रहस्य -- इति सूत्रे द्वन्दव्शब्दस्य रहस्यवाचित्वं शाब्दिकप्रसिद्धमिति भाष्कारैः कुतो न व्याख्यातमितिचेत् समासशब्दस्याव्यायीभावादौ द्वन्द्वशब्दस्य द्वन्द्वसमा्से च योगरुढेः केवलं योगापेक्षया प्रबलत्वात् प्रकृते द्वन्द्वशब्दस्य पंस्त्वेन निर्देशात्। अक्षराणाभकारोऽस्मीतिसमभिव्याहाराच्चेति गृहाण। अन्यथाक्षाराणांअक्षय्यं ह वै चातुर्मास्ययाजिनः सुकृतं भवति?प्राणा वै सत्यम् इत्यादिनाऽक्षयत्वेन प्रतिपादितानां न करोतीत्यकारः कर्तृत्वादिवर्जितः परमात्माहं तस्य परमार्थसत्यत्वात्। यद्वाक्षराणां व्यापकानां करोतीति करः कर एव कारः स्वार्थकः प्रज्ञाद्यण्प्रत्ययः नकोरोऽकारः आकाशोऽहम्। एकत्र रणभूमौ आसनमासोऽवस्थानं तत्र भवं युद्धजातं सामासिकं तस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वः द्वन्द्वयुद्धमहं इत्यादि आकाशोऽहम्। एकत्र रणभूमौ आसनमासोऽवस्थानं तत्र भवं युद्धजातं सामासिकं तस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वः द्वन्द्वयुद्धमहं इत्यादि यत्किंचित्कल्पयितुं शक्यम्। तस्मादाचार्योक्तमेव सम्यक् इति दिक्। अक्षयः क्षयवर्जितः कालोऽहमेव। यद्वा कालस्यापि कालः परमेस्वरोऽहमेव। फलदातृृणां मध्ये सर्वस्य विश्वस्य कर्मफलस्य विधाता सर्वतोमुखोऽहमेवेत्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/dhan/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"7b7d23ecf9a400dcdfc6ec69d2ca07691656528c2d569c2bd482cca3513b6f67","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"s-sankaranarayan-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"s-sankaranarayan","author":"Dr. S. S. Sankaranarayan","editionId":"s-sankaranarayan-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33. Of the syllables, I am A; of the compounds, the Dvandva; none but Me, is the immortal Time; I am the dispenser [of fruits actions] facing on all sides.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/san/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"058ee5c38f8c9cc3529a2dfdffc716dcc0c26bd5c6f4cb4afa70085f61f73cd0","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"jayatirtha-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"jayatirtha","author":"Jayatīrtha","editionId":"jayatirtha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/jaya/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"6e319662dd2117b1862b8137b79f06a42444101369bad9eb9cab6ea02434858d","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"madhusudana-sarasvati-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"madhusudana-sarasvati","author":"Madhusūdana Sarasvatī","editionId":"madhusudana-sarasvati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।अक्षराणां सर्वेषां वर्णानां मध्ये अकारोऽहमस्मि।अकारो वै सर्वा वाक् इति श्रुतेस्तस्य श्रेष्ठत्वं प्रसिद्धम्। द्वन्द्वः समास उभयपदार्थप्रधानः सामासिकस्य समाससमूहस्य मध्येऽहमस्मि। पूर्वपदार्थप्रधानोऽव्ययीभावः? उत्तरपदार्थप्रधानस्तत्पुरुषः? अन्यपदार्थप्रधानो बहुव्रीहिरिति तेषामुभयपदार्थसाम्याभावेनापकृष्टत्वात्। क्षयिकालाभिमानी अक्षयः परमेश्वराख्यः कालःज्ञः कालकालो गुणी सर्वविद्यः इत्यादिश्रुतिप्रसिद्धोऽहमेव। कालः कलयतामहमित्यत्र तु क्षयी काल इति उक्तभेदः। कर्मफलविधातृ़णां मध्ये विश्वतोमुखः सर्वतोमुखो धाता सर्वकर्मफलदातेश्वरोऽहमित्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/ms/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"fa4829343ed5afc8ce08a42d02018645e405523e61cc80756c6a7d266c736c78","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"madhvacharya-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"madhvacharya","author":"Madhvācārya","editionId":"madhvacharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka.,","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/madhav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c612d8bf44808e9537e8a0d226e5ca8ce04bad37995d89bff8704d8a060a95d8","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"nilakantha-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"nilakantha","author":"Nīlakaṇṭha","editionId":"nilakantha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।अक्षराणां मध्ये अकारः।अकारो वै सर्वा वाक् इति श्रुतेः। सामासिकस्य समाससमुदायस्य मध्येऽहं द्वन्द्वोऽस्मि। उभयपदार्थप्रधानत्वादिति प्राञ्चः। समं एकत्रासनं समासो विदुषां वा गुरुशिष्याणां वा मन्त्रार्थकथनार्थं वा एकत्रावस्थानं तत्र विदितमर्थजातं सामासिकम्। चातुरर्थिकष्ठक्ठस्येकः इतीकादेशः।यस्येति च इत्यलोपः। तस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वो रहस्योऽर्थोऽहम्।द्वन्द्वं रहस्य -- इति सूत्रे द्वन्द्वशब्दस्य रहस्यवाचित्वं शाब्दिकप्रसिद्धम्। अक्षयः क्षयहीनः कालः क्षणादिः परो वा ईश्वरः कालस्यापि कालोऽस्मि। धाता कर्मफलप्रदः। विश्वतोमुखः। सर्वप्राणितृप्त्यातृप्यामीत्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/neel/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"30e446bde98a2eb401cc8804f1ace66dda72d79e5ba19d4dd137d6157f268234","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purushottama-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"purushottama","author":"Puruṣottamajī","editionId":"purushottama-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।।10.33।।अक्षराणां वर्णानां मध्ये अकारोऽस्मि? सर्वाक्षरगतत्वात्। सामासिकस्य समाससमूहस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वःगोपीमाधवौ इत्यादिरस्मि। अक्षयः लीलात्मकोऽलौकिकः कालोऽहमेवास्मि। एवकारेण तस्य साक्षात्स्वरूपात्मकत्वाद्विभूतित्वे किं वाच्यमिति ज्ञापितम्। विधातृ़णां मध्ये विश्वतोमुखः सर्वतोमुखश्चतुर्मुखो धाता अलौकिकसृष्टिकर्त्ताऽहमस्मीत्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/puru/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"bc92024a3e025d71fabc50c81b7c7b79c26e763579dfd78b66dc5b9e8fc0bf83","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"ramanuja-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"ramanuja","author":"Rāmānuja","editionId":"ramanuja-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।अक्षराणां मध्येअकारो वै सर्वा वाक् (ऐ0 पू0 3।6) इति श्रुतिसिद्धः? सर्ववर्णानां प्रकृतिः अकारः अहम्? सामासिकः समासमूहः? तस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वसमासः अहम् स हि उभयपदार्थप्रधानत्वेन उत्कृष्टः। कलामुहूर्तादिमयः अक्षयः कालः अहम् एव सर्वस्य स्रष्टा हिरण्यगर्भः चतुर्मुखः अहम्।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/raman/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"05492de99bb8d46dc058d47de09807dcf55372f841de6dd748ec8fce4dc25f6c","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"ramanuja-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"ramanuja","author":"Rāmānuja","editionId":"ramanuja-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 Of letters I am the alphabet 'a', which is the base of all letters as established in the Sruti: 'The letter 'a' itself is all speech' (Ai. Ai., 3.2.3). Samasika means collection of compound words. In it, I am the Dvandva compound; it is eminent because the meanings of both constituent terms are important. I am Myself imperishable Time composed of (divisions like) Kala, Muhurta etc. I am the four-faced Hiranyagarbha who is the creator of all.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/raman/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"bfa9b630c5a2b30076f6ce51ede21a67fd3692e0f113a9c70511f8bea2db26e5","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purohit-swami-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"purohit-swami","author":"Shri Purohit Swami","editionId":"purohit-swami-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 Of letters I am A; I am the copulative in compound words; I am Time inexhaustible; and I am the all-pervading Preserver.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/purohit/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f2ee92f202fba1e54739f7a4f2f6e16d237d0f42d080f35f21864469b8a333ef","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-adidevananda-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-adidevananda","author":"Swami Adidevananda","editionId":"swami-adidevananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 Of letters, I am the alphabet 'a'. Of compound words, I am the Dvandva (copulative). I am Myself imperishable Time. I am the Creator, facing every side.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/adi/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"151594bcc53f207f4289ed2ec13a5774fb3c73f3d1fbc68819366780b6d454f7","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-chinmayananda-hc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-chinmayananda","author":"Swami Chinmayananda","editionId":"swami-chinmayananda-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।। मैं अक्षरों में अकार हूँ यह सर्वविदित तथ्य है कि भाषा में स्वरों की सहायता के बिना शब्दों का उच्चारण नहीं किया जा सकता। सभी भाषाओं में संस्कृत की विशेष मधुरता उसमें किये जाने वाले अकार के प्रयोग की प्रचुरता के कारण है। वस्तुत? प्रत्येक व्यंजन में अ जोड़कर ही उसका उच्चारण किया जाता है। यह अ मानो उसमें स्निग्ध पदार्थ का काम करता है? जिसके कारण नाद की कर्कशता दूर हो जाती है। इस अ के सहज प्रवाह के कारण शब्दों के मध्य एक राग और वाक्यों में एक प्रतिध्वनि सी आ जाती है। किसी सभागृह में संस्कृत मन्त्रों के दीर्घकालीन पाठ के उपरान्त? संवेदनशील लोगों के लिए एक ऐसे संगीतमय वातावरण का अनुभव होता है? जो मानव मन के समस्त विक्षेपों को शान्त कर सकता है।प्रत्येक अक्षर का सारतत्त्व अकार है वह शब्दों और वाक्यों की सीमाओं को लांघकर वातावरण में गूंजता है? और सभी भाषाओं की वर्णमालाओं में वह प्रथम स्थान पर प्रतिष्ठित है। अकार के इस महत्व को पहचान कर ही उपनिषदों में इसे समस्त वाणी का सार कहा गया है।मैं समासों में द्वन्द्व हूँ संस्कृत व्याकरण में दो या अधिक (पदों) को संयुक्त करने वाला विधान विशेष समास कहलाता है? जिसके अनेक प्रकार हैं। समास के दो पदों के संयोग का एक नया ही रूप होता है। द्वन्द्व समास में दोनों ही पदों का समान महत्व होता है? जबकि अन्य सभासों मे पूर्वपद अथवा उत्तरपद का। यहाँ भगवान श्रीकृष्ण द्वन्द्व समास को अपनी विभूति बनाते हैं क्योंकि इसमें उभय पदों का समान महत्व है और इसकी रचना भी सरल है। अध्यात्म ज्ञान के सन्दर्भ में यह कहा जा सकता है कि आत्मा और अनात्मा दोनों इस प्रकार मिले हैं कि हमें वे एक रूप में ही अनुभव में आते हैं और उनका भेद स्पष्ट ज्ञात नहीं होता? परन्तु विवेकी पुरुष के लिए वे दोनों उतने ही विलग होते हैं जितने कि एक वैय्याकरण के लिए द्वन्द्व समास के दो पद।मैं अक्षय काल हूँ पहले भी यह उल्लेख किया जा चुका है कि गणना करने वालों में मैं काल हूँ। वहाँ सापेक्षिक काल का निर्देश था ?जबकि यहाँ अनन्त पारमार्थिक काल को इंगित किया गया है। अक्षय काल को ही महाकाल कहते हैं। संक्षेपत दोनों कथनों का तात्पर्य यह है कि मन के द्वारा परिच्छिन्न रूप में अनुभव किया जाने वाला काल तथा अनन्त काल इन दोनों का अधिष्ठान आत्मा है। प्रत्येक क्षणिक काल के भान के बिना सम्पूर्ण काल का ज्ञान असंभव है। अत मैं प्रत्येक काल खण्ड में हूँ? तथा उसी प्रकार? सम्पूर्ण काल का भी अधिष्ठान हूँ।मैं धाता हूँ श्रीशंकराचार्य अपने भाष्य में इस शब्द की व्याख्या करते हुए लिखते हैं कि ईश्वर धाता अर्थात् कर्मफलविधाता है। संस्कारों के अनुसार मनुष्य कर्म करता है जिसका नियमानुसार उसे फल प्राप्त होता है।विश्वतोमुख इस शब्द की विस्तृत व्याख्या पहले भी की जा चुकी है? जहाँ यह कहा गया था कि आत्मा न केवल सब में एक है? किन्तु सबसे विलक्षण भी है? और वह प्रत्येक प्राणी में स्थित हुआ? सर्वत्र देखता है। इस सम्पूर्ण भाव को केवल एक शब्द विश्वतोमुख में व्यक्त किया गया है। सभी ऐन्द्रिक मानसिक और बौद्धिक ग्रहणों के लिए चैतन्य आत्मा की कृपा आवश्यक है? और इसलिए? यह शब्द अर्थाभिव्यंजक है।भगवान् कहते हैं","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/chinmay/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"5c506a7c24879c6f2ca41c197061c112254deba711fc080394b571f8ebe20873","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-gambirananda-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-gambirananda","author":"Swami Gambirananda","editionId":"swami-gambirananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 Of the letters I am the letter a, and of the group of compund words I am (the compound called) Dvandva. [Dvandva: A compound of two or more words which, if not compounded, would stand in the same case and be connected by the conjunction 'and'.-Tr.] I Mayself am the infinite time; I am the Dispenser with faces everywhere.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/gambir/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f8ac88fbc35e8fc8be1d8a4449a8c78df3ab46a39665c42c485cad72d1583595","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।। व्याख्या--'अक्षराणामकारोऽस्मि'--वर्णमालामें सर्वप्रथम अकार आता है। स्वर और व्यञ्जन--दोनोंमें अकार मुख्य है। अकारके बिना व्यञ्जनोंका उच्चारण नहीं होता। इसलिये अकारको भगवान्ने अपनी विभूति बताया है। 'द्वन्द्वः सामासिकस्य च'--जिससे दो या दोसे अधिक शब्दोंको मिलाकर एक शब्द बनता है, उसको समसा कहते हैं। समास कई तरहके होते हैं। उनमें अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, बहुब्रीहि और द्वन्द्व -- ये चार मुख्य हैं। दो शब्दोंके समासमें यदि पहला शब्द प्रधानता रखता है तो वह 'अव्ययीभाव समास' होता है। यदि आगेका शब्द प्रधानता रखता है तो वह 'तत्पुरुष समास' होता है। यदि दोनों शब्द अन्यके वाचक होते हैं तो वह 'बहुब्रीहि समास' होता है। यदि दोनों शब्द प्रधानता रखते हैं तो वह द्वन्द्व समास होता है।द्वन्द्व समासमें दोनों शब्दोंका अर्थ मुख्य होनेसे भगवान्ने इसको अपनी विभूति बताया है। 'अहमेवाक्षयः कालः'--जिस कालका कभी क्षय नहीं होता अर्थात् जो कालातीत है और अनाद-अनन्तरूप है, वह काल भगवान् ही हैं।\nसर्ग और प्रलयकी गणना तो सूर्यसे होती है, पर महाप्रलयमें जब सूर्य भी लीन हो जाता है, तब समयकी गणना परमात्मासे ही होती है (टिप्पणी प0 563)। इसलिये परमात्मा अक्षय काल है।\nतीसवें श्लोकके 'कालः कलयतामहम्' पदोंमें आये कालमें और यहाँ आये 'अक्षय काल'में क्या अन्तर है? वहाँका जो 'काल' है, वह एक क्षण भी स्थिर नहीं रहता, बदलता रहता है। वह काल ज्योतिषशास्त्रका आधार है और उसीसे संसारमात्रके समयकी गणना होती है। परन्तु यहाँका जो 'अक्षय काल' है, वह परमात्मस्वरूप होनेसे कभी बदलता नहीं। वह अक्षय काल सबको खा जाता है और स्वयं ज्यों-का-त्यों ही रहता है अर्थात् इसमें कभी कोई विकार नहीं होता। उसी अक्षय कालको यहाँ भगवान्ने अपनी विभूति बताया है। आगे ग्यारहवें अध्यायमें भी भगवान्ने 'कालोऽस्मि' (11। 32) पदसे अक्षय कालको अपना स्वरूप बताया है। 'धाताहं विश्वतोमुखः'-- सब ओर मुखवाले होनेसे भगवान्की दृष्टि सभी प्राणियोंपर रहती है। अतः सबका धारणपोषण करनेमें भगवान् बहुत सावधान रहते हैं। किस प्राणीको कौन-सी वस्तु कब मिलनी चाहिये, इसका भगवान् खूब खयाल रखते हैं और समयपर उस वस्तुको पहुँचा देते हैं। इसलिये भगवान्ने अपना विभूतिरूपसे वर्णन किया है।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/rams/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"a28ec13dddb3b860216113b88b4aabd23d4e05bd97ac486db531f3e3436f302e","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।10.33।। अक्षरोंमें अकार और समासोंमें द्वन्द्व समास मैं हूँ। अक्षयकाल अर्थात् कालका भी महाकाल तथा सब ओर मुखवाला धाता भी मैं हूँ।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/rams/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"2eca19f38908b37727dc0f25a9ed208db7b28cf9292b66b786065ae048021880","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-ec:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"10.33 अक्षराणाम् among letters? अकारः the letter A? अस्मि (I) am? द्वन्द्वः the dual? सामासिकस्य among all compounds? च and? अहम् I? एव verily? अक्षयः the inexhaustible or everlasting? कालः time? धाता the dispenser? अहम् I? विश्वतोमुखः the Allfaced (or having faces in all directions).Commentary Among the alphabets I am the letter A. Among the various kinds of compounds used in Sanskrit language I am the Dvandva (union of the two)? the copulative.Time here refers to the moment? the ultimate element of time or to Paramesvara? the Supreme Lord Who is the time of even time? since He is beyond time.As the Supreme Being is allpervading it is said that He has faces in all directions.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/siva/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"6e7a065442127dccb1e94c944df6b3920e95eb2b9529824ade8c22161e85f0ad","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 Among the letters of the alphabets, the letter 'A' I am and the dual among the compounds. I am verily the inexhaustible or everlasting time; I am the dispenser (of the fruits of actions) having\nfaces in all directions.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/siva/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"afe5df489dedef00ba4d348f1e4d89830f82e5917152ce39eef7eaa1278e3c45","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-tejomayananda-ht:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"swami-tejomayananda","author":"Swami Tejomayananda","editionId":"swami-tejomayananda-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।10.33।। मैं अक्षरों (वर्णमाला) में अकार और समासों में द्वन्द्व (नामक समास) हूँ; मैं अक्षय काल और विश्वतोमुख (विराट् स्वरूप) धाता हूँ।।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/tej/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"575774db850b5ccf3372edd88a93f1aaec6e68bde629b86baa205d8e5b6236a8","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"vallabhacharya-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"vallabhacharya","author":"Vallabhācārya","editionId":"vallabhacharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।अक्षराणामिति। अकारो वासुदेववाचकः।अकारो वै सर्वा वाक् [ऐ.पू.3।6] इति श्रुतेः। समासगणस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वोऽहं उभयपदार्थप्रधानत्वान्मुख्यः? रामकृष्णावित्यादिसमासोऽस्मि इति स चिन्तनीयः। अहमेव कालः प्रवाहरूपः। धाता चाहम्।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/vallabh/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"758969d7ff94e4c1292f0bcfa7a7fd7f876af71fea775d9f9f5568593995c841","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"vedanta-desika-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"vedanta-desika","author":"Vedānta Deśika Veṅkaṭanātha","editionId":"vedanta-desika-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।बह्वृचोपनिषदि श्रूयते -- अ इति ब्रह्म [ऋ.आ.2।2] इति। तथा अकारो वै सर्वा वाक्सैषा स्पर्शोष्मभिर्व्यज्यमाना बह्वी नानारूपा भवति [ऐ.पू.3।6] इति श्रुत्यैव प्रपञ्चितं प्रकृतित्वमाहसर्ववर्णानां प्रकृतिरिति। निर्धारणौपयिकबहुत्वसिद्ध्यर्थं प्रत्ययार्थं दर्शयतिसामासिक समाससमूह इति। पूर्वोत्तरान्यपदार्थप्रधानेभ्योऽव्ययीभावः तत्पुरुषबहुव्रीहिभ्यो द्वन्द्वस्योत्कर्षमाहस ह्युभयेति। अक्षयशब्देन कला मुहूर्ताः काष्ठाश्च [तै.ना.1।8]कलामुहूर्तादिमयश्च कालः [वि.पु.4।1।26] इति श्रुतिस्मृत्यादिसिद्धबहुविधविकाररूपलोकक्षयहेतुभूतानन्तावच्छेदे सत्यपि स्वरूपतोऽनाद्यन्तत्वं विवक्षितमित्यभिप्रायेणाह -- कलेति।अनादिर्भगवान्कालो नान्तोऽस्य द्विज विद्यते [वि.पु.1।2।26]कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृत्तो (द्धो) नान्तो न चादिर्न न मेऽस्ति मध्यम् [11।32] इत्यादिभिरिदं कालाधिष्ठातृत्वं व्यक्तम्। धातृशब्दरूढ्या विश्वतोमुखत्वविशेषणेन च हिरण्यगर्भ एवात्रोच्यत इत्यभिप्रायेणाह -- सर्वस्येति। धातृशब्देनैवाण्डान्तर्वर्तिसमस्तविधातत्वलक्षण उत्कर्षः सिद्ध इति प्रदर्शनायसर्वस्य स्रष्टेत्युक्तम्। एतेन कर्मफलविधातृत्वेन व्याख्यान्तरं निरस्तम्।विश्वतः इति दिक्चतुष्टयमात्रमिह विवक्षितमिति ज्ञापनायोक्तंचतुर्मुख इति। वेदचतुष्टयप्रवर्तनादिकं चानेन सूचितम्।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/venkat/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b72e9c797475b4cd51c513b32a11492855f58cd005c67abd9d15e9a059968640","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"anandagiri-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"anandagiri","author":"Ānandagiri","editionId":"anandagiri-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।।सर्वहरशब्दस्य मुख्यमर्थान्तरमाह -- अथवेति। भाविकल्याणानामित्युक्तमेव स्पष्टयति -- उत्कर्षेति। कीर्तिर्धार्मिकत्वनिमित्ता ख्यातिः। श्रीर्लक्ष्मीः? कान्तिः शोभा? वाग्वाणी सर्वस्य प्रकाशिका? स्मृतिश्चिरानुभूतस्मरणशक्तिः? मेधा ग्रन्थधारणशक्तिः? धृतिर्धैर्यम्? क्षमा मानापमानयोरविकृतचित्तता। स्त्रीषु कीर्त्यादीनामुत्तमत्वमुपपादयति -- यासामिति।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/anand/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"774fdd6f8e75794e707ab2a444537d894802f592a6c6167b6b922c00131a0bed","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।। --,अक्षराणां वर्णानाम् अकारः वर्णः अस्मि। द्वन्द्वः समासः अस्मि सामासिकस्य च समाससमूहस्य। किञ्च अहमेव अक्षयः अक्षीणः कालः प्रसिद्धः क्षणाद्याख्यः? अथवा परमेश्वरः कालस्यापि कालः अस्मि। धाता अहं कर्मफलस्य विधाता सर्वजगतः विश्वतोमुखः सर्वतोमुखः।।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/sankar/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"00c5f8c0372461f26518d50207c63283f5055a8955b285390a960f542a961184","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-et:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"10.33 Aksaranam, of the letters; I am the akarah, letter a. Samasikasya, of the group of compound words, I am the compund (called) Dvandva. Besieds, aham eva, I Myself; am the aksayah, infinite, endless; kalah, time, well known as 'moment' etc.; or, I am the supreme God who is Kala (Time, the measurer) even of time. I am the dhata, Dispenser, the dispenser of the fruits of actions of the whole world; visvatomukhah, with faces everwhere.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/sankar/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"6b4bc5439b8c3d2baf2769fda6f5b287a8f0f66d2fca10abfa251f3911fd22f6","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-ht:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।10.33।।अक्षरोंमें -- वर्णोंमें अकार -- अ वर्ण मैं हूँ। समास -- समूहमें द्वन्द्व नामक समास मैं हूँ तथा मैं ही अविनाशी काल -- जो क्षणघड़ी आदि नामोंसे प्रसिद्ध है वह समय? अथवा कालका भी काल परमेश्वर हूँ और मैं ही विधाता -- सब जगत्के कर्मफलका विधान करनेवाला तथा सब ओर मुखवाला परमात्मा हूँ।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/sankar/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b10581747bfff21485b22918767afaf6c3b662a0bf6e873c95670ce0f38084ef","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"sridhara-svamin-sc:source:10.33","canonicalRef":"gita.10.33","chapter":10,"verse":33,"authorId":"sridhara-svamin","author":"Śrīdhara Svāmin","editionId":"sridhara-svamin-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।10.33।। अक्षरेति। अक्षराणां वर्णानां मध्येऽकारोऽस्मि? तस्य सर्ववाङ्मयत्वेन श्रेष्ठत्वात्। तथाच श्रुतिःअकारो हि सर्वा वाक्सैषा स्पर्शोष्मभिर्व्यज्यमाना बह्वी नानारूपा भवति इति। सामासिकस्य समाससमूहस्य मध्ये द्वन्द्वः रामकृष्णावित्यादिसमासोऽस्मि? उभयपदप्रधानत्वेन श्रेष्ठत्वात्। अक्षयः प्रवाहरूपः कालोऽहमेव। कालः कलयतामित्यत्रायुर्गणनात्मकः संवत्सरशताद्यायुःस्वरूपकाल उक्तः स च तस्मिन्नायुषि क्षीणे सति क्षीयते? अत्र तु प्रवाहात्मकोऽक्षयः काल उच्यत इति विशेषः। कर्मफलविधातृ़णां मध्ये विश्वतोमुखो धाता। सर्वकर्मफलविधाताहमित्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_10_slok_33.json#/srid/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"aa137346d2b92d06260e015305a238a45e98deea954ef8f3362c2010e1f60574","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"}]},"meta":{"commentaryCount":29}}