{"data":{"canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","workId":"gita","work":"gita","edition":"gita-standard-700","corpusVersion":"gita-1.0.0-rc.1","chapter":14,"verse":17,"speaker":"Krishna","representations":{"devanagari":"सत्त्वात्सञ्जायते ज्ञानं रजसो लोभ एव च।\nप्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च ॥","iast":"sattvātsañjāyate jñānaṃ rajaso lobha eva ca\npramādamohau tamaso bhavato.ajñānameva ca","english":"while the fruit of passion is misery and the fruit of darkness ignorance. From goodness is produced knowledge, from passion avarice, and from darkness heedlessness and delusion and ignorance also."},"translation":{"translator":"Kashinath Trimbak Telang","editionYear":1882,"status":"machine-aligned; two human reviews pending","alignmentConfidence":0.473},"variants":[],"provenance":[{"sourceId":"vedic-scriptures","locator":"BG14.17","role":"Devanagari and IAST digital witness"},{"sourceId":"telang-1882","locator":"Chapter 14; aligned against BG14.17","role":"English translation witness"}],"review":{"transcription":"machine-cross-checked","firstHumanReview":"pending","secondHumanReview":"pending","releaseEligible":false},"checksum":"5e9c6a51393acaa81dd876ca76a70a77f27290f33878c4f6433c4ce54e8c957b","commentaries":[{"id":"prabhupada-ec:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"Since the present civilization is not very congenial to the living entities, Kṛṣṇa consciousness is recommended. Through Kṛṣṇa consciousness, society will develop the mode of goodness. When the mode of goodness is developed, people will see things as they are. In the mode of ignorance, people are just like animals and cannot see things clearly. In the mode of ignorance, for example, they do not see that by killing one animal they are taking the chance of being killed by the same animal in the next life. Because people have no education in actual knowledge, they become irresponsible. To stop this irresponsibility, education for developing the mode of goodness of the people in general must be there. When they are actually educated in the mode of goodness, they will become sober, in full knowledge of things as they are. Then people will be happy and prosperous. Even if the majority of the people aren’t happy and prosperous, if a certain percentage of the population develops Kṛṣṇa consciousness and becomes situated in the mode of goodness, then there is the possibility for peace and prosperity all over the world. Otherwise, if the world is devoted to the modes of passion and ignorance, there can be no peace or prosperity. In the mode of passion, people become greedy, and their hankering for sense enjoyment has no limit. One can see that even if one has enough money and adequate arrangements for sense gratification, there is neither happiness nor peace of mind. That is not possible, because one is situated in the mode of passion. If one wants happiness at all, his money will not help him; he has to elevate himself to the mode of goodness by practicing Kṛṣṇa consciousness. When one is engaged in the mode of passion, not only is he mentally unhappy, but his profession and occupation are also very troublesome. He has to devise so many plans and schemes to acquire enough money to maintain his status quo. This is all miserable. In the mode of ignorance, people become mad. Being distressed by their circumstances, they take shelter of intoxication, and thus they sink further into ignorance. Their future in life is very dark.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/prabhu/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f475fe4287de8c25ed4388cf5876d500b1d40573f9ece5937313c8c749b584a7","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"prabhupada-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"From the mode of goodness, real knowledge develops; from the mode of passion, greed develops; and from the mode of ignorance develop foolishness, madness and illusion.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/prabhu/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"78c5debaf267cc59bf5d6ad3fc09fdd421fd01f4c5c0c949233a2f5d57fa7b0b","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.16 -- 14.20।।कर्मण इत्यादि अश्नुते इत्यन्तम्। अत्र केचिदसंबद्धाः श्लोकाः कल्पिताः? पुनरुक्तत्वात् ( पुनरुक्तार्थत्वात्) ते त्याज्या एव। एतद्गुणातीतवृत्तिस्तु (N गुणातीतश्रुतिस्तु) मोक्षायैव कल्पते।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/abhinav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"de2ca7c7bc2f81f505f2f4a8848f2e69e9e850a2ba02d3688e3618c5293aea66","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 See Comment under 14.20","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/abhinav/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f82272382c7bfa189e10106cfb7b0f3ab0ec50c30e798a6a782facbfde4dcf48","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"dhanapati-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"dhanapati","author":"Dhanapati","editionId":"dhanapati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।किंच गुणेभ्यो भवति एतादृशफलवैचित्र्यमित्यपेक्षायामाह -- सत्त्वादिति। रजस्तमसी अभिभूय लब्धात्मकात्मत्त्वाज्ज्ञानं संजायते। रजसा सत्त्वं तमश्चाभिभूय लब्धस्वरुपाल्लोभः संजायते। चः प्रवृत्त्यादिसमुच्चायार्थः। एवकारो व्यभिचारवारणार्थः। एवं रजःसत्त्वं चाभिभूयोद्भूतात्तमसः प्रमादमोहौ भवतोऽज्ञानं च भवति। अव्ययार्थः प्राग्वत्। तथाच प्रकाशजनकसत्त्वकार्यस्य कर्मणः प्रकाशबहुलं सुखमेव फलमनुरुपं लोभादिजन्करजःकार्यस्य कर्मणः दुःखबहुलमेव फलमनुरुपं प्रमादादिजनकं तमःकार्यस्य कर्मणोऽज्ञानबहुलमेव फलं उचितमिति भावः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/dhan/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"59dff1caf45d704f83fc2c65c07c9293bd30df8d60f683906de7444ec08b371a","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"s-sankaranarayan-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"s-sankaranarayan","author":"Dr. S. S. Sankaranarayan","editionId":"s-sankaranarayan-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17. From the Sattva arises wisdom; from the Rajas only greed; and from the Tamas arise negligence, delusion and also ignorance.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/san/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b715ff25c503fce534d79b5cffea761c4fd10879c02f952578bfd1b4e7e6977d","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"jayatirtha-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"jayatirtha","author":"Jayatīrtha","editionId":"jayatirtha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/jaya/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b08f4c48e020ff34d9d4f8fa319b75c129380d9cb064a4f2e94c3dcfb2cf98af","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"madhusudana-sarasvati-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"madhusudana-sarasvati","author":"Madhusūdana Sarasvatī","editionId":"madhusudana-sarasvati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।एतादृशे फलवैचित्र्ये पूर्वोक्तमेव हेतुमाह -- सर्वकरणद्वारकं प्रकाशरूपं ज्ञानं सत्त्वात्संजायते? अतस्तदनुरूपं सात्त्विकस्य कर्मणः प्रकाशबहुलं सुखं फलं भवति। रजसो लोभो विषयकोटिप्राप्त्यापि निवर्तयितुमशक्योऽभिलाषविशेषो जायते। तस्य च निरन्तरमुपचीयमानस्य पूरयितुमशक्यस्य सर्वदा। दुःखहेतुत्वात्तत्पूर्वकस्य राजसस्य कर्मणो दुःखं फलं भवति। एवं प्रमादमोहौ तमसः सकाशाद्भवतो जायेते। अज्ञानमेव च भवति। एवकारः प्रकाशप्रवृत्तिव्यावृत्त्यर्थः। अतस्तामसस्य कर्मणस्तामसज्ञानादिप्रायमेव फलं भवतीति युक्तमेवेत्यर्थः। अत्र चाज्ञानमप्रकाशः प्रमादो मोहश्चाप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्चेत्यत्र व्याख्यातौ।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/ms/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c40a107d93b2f0dd4528eec53407daee9c9199151a0deafd3c4f65dd768e1988","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"madhvacharya-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"madhvacharya","author":"Madhvācārya","editionId":"madhvacharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka.,","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/madhav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"4beb5f0d92f4cc1db4aaafd7aac5b98c8f3f26ea673db4602e5c7eebc84eed42","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"nilakantha-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"nilakantha","author":"Nīlakaṇṭha","editionId":"nilakantha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।एतादृशफलवैचित्र्ये पूर्वोक्तमेव हेतुमाह -- सत्त्वादिति।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/neel/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"cd3c0783c0c004fb988f81dc988e8c06a52618ec80c55cd8f79f7f162b79b283","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purushottama-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"purushottama","author":"Puruṣottamajī","editionId":"purushottama-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।ननु स्वरूपज्ञानाभावे कथं तादृक्कर्मकरणं सम्भवति इत्यत आह -- सत्त्वादिति। सत्त्वात् ज्ञानं सञ्जायते? तादृक्स्वभावविशिष्टस्यैव प्रकटनात्। तथा रजसो रजोगुणाल्लोभः पापमूलको भवतीति। तस्य च दुःखात्मकत्वात्तदेव भवति। तमसस्तामसगुणात् प्रमादमोहौ भवतः। ततस्ताभ्यां चाज्ञानमेव भवतीत्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/puru/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"1898e8bb1aebbec227abd507edccf05c015035fdf2d0d789ce6f91c4d9bcf597","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"ramanuja-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"ramanuja","author":"Rāmānuja","editionId":"ramanuja-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।एवं परम्परया जाताद् अधिकसत्त्वाद् आत्मयाथात्म्यापरोक्षरूपं ज्ञानं जायते। तथा प्रवृद्धाद् रजसः स्वर्गादिफललोभः जायते तथा प्रवृद्धात् च तमसः प्रमादः अनवधाननिमित्तासत्कर्मणि प्रवृत्तिः? ततः च मोहो विपरीतज्ञानम्? ततः च अधिकतरं तमः? ततः च अज्ञानं ज्ञानाभावः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/raman/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"4ee689ea46e0ab671c8ab8cac3a8558c71bdde559788d30a05c56f34cce9cc22","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"ramanuja-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"ramanuja","author":"Rāmānuja","editionId":"ramanuja-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 From the increase of Sattva, knowledge i.e., 'true and direct knowledge' of the self arises. From Rajas develops likewise 'intense desire' for heaven etc. From Tamas similarly develops 'negligence' leading to evil deeds; and from this, delusion, i.e., erroneous knowledge; and from that still more Tamas; and thence ignorance, namely absence of knowledge.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/raman/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b2e1ea5b957a52e1c9e533e5e70e9e22ba6661339a32094c76217ff8641880cb","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purohit-swami-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"purohit-swami","author":"Shri Purohit Swami","editionId":"purohit-swami-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 Purity engenders Wisdom, Passion avarice, and Ignorance folly, infatuation and darkness.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/purohit/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"3e612a959c8ba887f4ae417754826eda98f1c1575d7a1a9f58340a662d8c549f","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-adidevananda-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-adidevananda","author":"Swami Adidevananda","editionId":"swami-adidevananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 From the Sattva arises knowledge, and from Rajas greed, from Tamas arise negligence and delusion, and, indeed ignorance.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/adi/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b1f612a6612aca6b77961fb7e0282ee12cb01f414805ce8ff8f4977c91cec029","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-chinmayananda-hc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-chinmayananda","author":"Swami Chinmayananda","editionId":"swami-chinmayananda-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।। मन और बुद्धि के रंगमञ्च पर प्रवेश करने पर ये तीन गुण जिस भूमिका का निर्वाह करते हैं? उसका निर्देश इस श्लोक में किया गया है। इनका विस्तृत वर्णन पहले किया जा चुका है।सत्त्वगुण से ज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है स्वयं चैतन्यस्वरूप आत्मा में विषयों का अभाव होने से उसका किसी विषय को जानने का प्रश्न ही नहीं उठता। किन्तु चैतन्य से युक्त अन्तकरण की बुद्धिवृत्तियों विषयों को प्रकाशित करती है। यदि अन्तकरण शुद्ध और शान्त अर्थात् सात्त्विक हो तो उसकी ज्ञानक्षमता अधिक होती है। ऐसे शुद्ध मन के द्वारा ही नित्यशुद्धबुद्धमुक्त आत्मा का अपरोक्षानुभव हो सकता है।रजोगुण से लोभ तथा तज्जनित अनेक प्रकार की स्वार्थमूलक प्रवृत्तियां और विक्षेप उत्पन्न होते हैं।तमोगुण से प्रमाद? मोह और अज्ञान उत्पन्न होते हैं। विषय को किसी प्रकार से भी नहीं जानना अज्ञान है? जब कि दो वस्तुओं या कर्मों में विवेक का अभाव होना मोह कहलाता है। धर्मअधर्म? सत्यअसत्य? आत्माअनात्मा इत्यादि का विवेक न होना मोह है। किसी भी कर्म में सावधानी न रखना या वस्तु को अन्य प्रकार से समझना प्रमाद कहलाता है। इसके कारण बाह्य जगत् में सुख की कल्पना करके मनुष्य उसी में भटकता रहता है। सम्पूर्ण समुद्र में क्या एक पात्र भर मधुर जल मिल सकता है वस्तुत नहीं? परन्तु तमोगुण के वशीभूत पुरुष उसी के लिए प्रयत्न करता रहता है और जब उसे दुख भोगने पड़ते हैं? तो इसका दोष वह जगत् को देता है यह सब्ा तमोगुण का कार्य़ है।आगे कहते हैं","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/chinmay/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"32328c30240eb420db133961bcfe8e6a83de4a53a2e5399f63ebd0fdcde9c71a","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-gambirananda-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-gambirananda","author":"Swami Gambirananda","editionId":"swami-gambirananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 From sattva is born knowledge [Knowledge acired through the sense-organs.], and from rajas, verily, avarice. From tamas are born inadvertence and delusion as also ignorance, to be sure.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/gambir/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f5e137d472d82f0a8075ad31fbecbdef7ed828dc67d5a1612f27677648a08dcf","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।। व्याख्या -- सत्त्वात्संजायते ज्ञानम् -- सत्त्वगुणसे ज्ञान होता है अर्थात् सुकृतदुष्कृत कर्मोंका विवेक जाग्रत् होता है। उस विवेकसे मनुष्य सुकृत? सत्कर्म ही करता है। उन सुकृत कर्मोंका फल सात्त्विक? निर्मल होता है।रजसो लोभ एव च -- रजोगुणसे लोभ आदि पैदा होते हैं। लोभको लेकर मनुष्य जो कर्म करता है? उन कर्मोंका फल दुःख होता है।जितना मिला है? उसकी वृद्धि चाहनेका नाम लोभ है। लोभके दो रूप हैं -- उचित खर्च न करना और अनुचित रीतिसे संग्रह करना। उचित कामोंमें धन खर्च न करनेसे? उससे जी चुरानेसे मनुष्यके मनमें अशान्ति? हलचल रहती है और अनुचित रीतिसे अर्थात् झूठ? कपट आदिसे धनका संग्रह करनेसे पाप बनते हैं? जिससे नरकोंमें तथा चौरासी लाख योनियोंमें दुःख भोगना पड़ता है। इस दृष्टिसे राजस कर्मोंका फल दुःख होता है।प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च -- तमोगुणसे प्रमाद? मोह और अज्ञान पैदा होता है। इन तीनोंके बुद्धिमें आनेसे विवेकविरुद्ध काम होते हैं (गीता 18। 32)? जिससे अज्ञान ही बढ़ता है? दृढ़ होता है।यहाँ तो तमोगुणसे अज्ञानका पैदा होना बताया है और इसी अध्यायके आठवें श्लोकमें अज्ञानसे तमोगुणका पैदा होना बताया है। इसका तात्पर्य यह है कि जैसे वृक्षसे बीज पैदा होते हैं और उन बीजोंसे आगे बहुतसे वृक्ष पैदा होते हैं? ऐसे ही तमोगुणसे अज्ञान पैदा होता है और अज्ञानसे तमोगुण बढ़ता है? पुष्ट होता है।पहले आठवें श्लोकमें भगवान्ने प्रमाद? आलस्य और निद्रा -- ये तीन बताये। परन्तु तेरहवें श्लोकमें और यहाँ प्रमाद तो बताया? पर निद्रा नहीं बतायी। इससे यह सिद्ध होता है कि आवश्यक निद्रा तमोगुणी नहीं है और निषिद्ध भी नहीं है तथा बाँधनेवाली भी नहीं है। कारण कि शरीरके लिये आवश्यक निद्रा तो सात्त्विक पुरुषको भी आती है और गुणातीत पुरुषको भी वास्तवमें अधिक निद्रा ही बाँधनेवाली? निषिद्ध और तमोगुणी है क्योंकि अधिक निद्रासे शरीरमें आलस्य बढ़ता है? पड़े रहनेका ही मन करता है? बहुत समय बरबाद हो जाता है।विशेष बातयह जीव साक्षात् परमात्माका अंश होते हुए भी जब प्रकृतिके साथ सम्बन्ध जोड़ लेता है? तब इसका प्रकृतिजन्य गुणोंके साथ सम्बन्ध जुड़ जाता है। फिर गुणोंके अनुसार उसके अन्तःकरणमें वृत्तियाँ पैदा होती हैं। उन वृत्तियोंके अनुसार कर्म होते हैं और इन्हीं कर्मोंका फल ऊँचनीच गतियाँ होती हैं। तात्पर्य है कि जीवितअवस्थामें अनुकूलप्रतिकूल परिस्थितियाँ आती हैं और मरनेके बाद ऊँचनीच गतियाँ होती हैं। वास्तवमें उन कर्मोंके मूलमें भी गुणोंकी वृत्तियाँ ही होती हैं? जो कि पुनर्जन्मके होनेमें खास कारण हैं (गीता 13। 21)। तात्पर्य है कि गुणोंका सङ्ग कर्मोंसे कमजोर नहीं है। जैसे कर्म शुभअशुभ फल देते हैं? ऐसे ही गुणोंका सङ्ग भी शुभअशुभ फल देता है (गीता 8। 6)। इसीलिये पाँचवेंसे अठारहवें श्लोकतकके इस प्रकरणमें पहले चौदहवेंपन्द्रहवें श्लोकोंमें गुणोंकी तात्कालिक वृत्तियोंके बढ़नेका फल बताया और जीवितअवस्थामें जो परिस्थितियाँ आती हैं? उनको सोलहवें श्लोकमें बताया तथा आगे अठारहवें श्लोकमें गुणोंकी स्थायी वृत्तियोंका फल बतायेंगे। अतः वृत्तियों और कर्मोंके होनेमें गुण ही मुख्य हैं। इस पूरे प्रकरणमें गुणोंकी मुख्य बात इसी (सत्रहवें) श्लोकमें कही गयी है।जिसका उद्देश्य संसार नहीं है? प्रत्युत परमात्मा है? वह साधारण मनुष्योंकी तरह प्रकृतिमें स्थित नहीं है। अतः उसमें प्रकृतिजन्य गुणोंकी परवशता नहीं रहती और साधन करतेकरते आगे चलकर जब अहंता परिवर्तित होकर लक्ष्यकी दृढ़ता हो जाती है? तब उसको अपने स्वतःसिद्ध गुणातीत स्वरूपका अनुभव हो जाता है। इसीका नाम बोध है। इस बोधके विषयमें भगवान्ने इस अध्यायका पहलादूसरा श्लोक कहा और गुणातीतके विषयमें बाईसवेंसे छब्बीसवेंतकके पाँच श्लोक कहे। इस तरह यह पूरा अध्याय गुणोंसे अतीत स्वतःसिद्ध स्वरूपका अनुभव करनेके लिये ही कहा गया है। सम्बन्ध -- तात्कालिक गुणोंके बढ़नेपर मरनेवालोंकी गतिका वर्णन तो चौदहवेंपन्द्रहवें श्लोकोंमें कर दिया परन्तु जिनके जीवनमें सत्त्वगुण? रजोगुण अथवा तमोगुणकी प्रधानता रहती है? उनकी (मरनेपर) क्या गति होती है -- इसका वर्णन आगेके श्लोकमें करते हैं।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/rams/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c83fab340e24d2b7454706dd4231258ade2345c82affb593ec99dfc9248c0c9b","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।14.17।।सत्त्वगुणसे ज्ञान और रजोगुणसे लोभ आदि ही उत्पन्न होते हैं; तमोगुणसे प्रमाद, मोह एवं अज्ञान भी उत्पन्न होता है।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/rams/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f48c0f20c273e6eb6e418c53b00c1fe9c11194b78343e16879ede916990c0fec","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-ec:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"14.17 सत्त्वात् from purity? सञ्जायते arises? ज्ञानम् knowledge? रजसः from activity? लोभः greed? एव even? च and? प्रमादमोहौ heedlessness and delusion? तमसः from inertia? अज्ञानम् ignorance? एव even? च and.Commentary From Sattva When Sattva becomes predominant. Sattva awakesn knowledge just as the sun causes daylight. Sattva enlightens the intellect.Greed is insatiable like fire. Greed brings misery and pain. Greed is born of Rajas. Rajas creates insatiable desire. Rajas makes one blind to the interests and the feelings of others. A Rajasic man treats others as tools to be utilised for his own selfadvancement or selfaggrandisement.Tamas produces shortsightedness? torpor and ignorance. A Tamasic man does not think a bit of the future conseences. He completely identifies himself with the body and begins to fight with people if they injure his body or speak ill of him. He is ready to do any sinful act in retaliation. He has no sense of proportion and no sense of balance or poise.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/siva/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"7b465d5548ba0bdf9c6d39ba5313d69465330bc636d12f381aee1023b342fe28","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 From Sattva arises knowledge, and greed from Rajas; heedlessness and delusion arise from Tamas, and also ignorance.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/siva/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"96a3a62a07e398f3dce6aaafc11d317f9e8b99a8939caf820b33b5ba9c07a840","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-tejomayananda-ht:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-tejomayananda","author":"Swami Tejomayananda","editionId":"swami-tejomayananda-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।14.17।। सत्त्वगुण से ज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है। रजोगुण से लोभ तथा तमोगुण से प्रमाद, मोह और अज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है।।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/tej/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"87100771312fc6724e52d624b3a3fd07dbe8997793d71edfb09298f792bcd1da","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"vallabhacharya-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"vallabhacharya","author":"Vallabhācārya","editionId":"vallabhacharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।तर्हि सत्त्वादिजनितं निर्मलादिफलं किं इत्यत्राह -- सत्त्वादिति। ज्ञानं वस्तुयाथात्म्यापरोक्षरूपं जायते। रजसस्तु स्वर्गादौ फले लोभः? तमसः पुनरनवधानमोहतत्त्वज्ञानाभावः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/vallabh/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"1806f44bd16dfb23d0f52d59b743c98728e40cf244bd6d405a98fe34dda8f030","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"vedanta-desika-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"vedanta-desika","author":"Vedānta Deśika Veṅkaṭanātha","editionId":"vedanta-desika-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।No commentary.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/venkat/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"2d1deebc47279422f56d44735afd24b2b1634f36a1dcede1a64fcff9438b4114","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"anandagiri-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"anandagiri","author":"Ānandagiri","editionId":"anandagiri-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।।विहितप्रतिषिद्धज्ञानकर्माणि सत्त्वादीनां लक्षणानि संक्षिप्य दर्शयति -- किञ्चेति। ज्ञानं सर्वकरणद्वारकम्। अज्ञानं विवेकाभावः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/anand/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"93e349f3201987d8b3498959d575f6ab076dc17044bb26ba26e9fd983028c31e","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।। --,सत्त्वात् लब्धात्मकात् संजायते समुत्पद्यते ज्ञानम्? रजसो लोभ एव च? प्रमादमोहौ च उभौ तमसो भवतः? अज्ञानमेव च भवति।।किं च --,","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/sankar/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"9d0cd2f8f2e7b2fa8e720d99bd49f1bb97b8090c341100f5a6386651726b50f3","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-et:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"14.17 Sattvat, from sattva, when it predominates; sanjayate, is born; jnanam, knowledge; and rajasah, from rajas; is verily born lobhah, avarice. Tamasah, from tamas; bhavatah, are born; both pramada-mohau, in-advertence and delusion; as also ajnanam, ignorance [Absence of discrimination.]; eva ca, to be sure.\nFurther,","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/sankar/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"3530dd6198438d06518abd3163cbc467f29d201c12111004f9010a10da259013","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-ht:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।14.17।।गुणोंसे क्या उत्पन्न होता है ( सो कहते हैं -- ) उत्कर्षको प्राप्त हुए सत्त्वगुणसे ज्ञान उत्पन्न होता है और रजोगुणसे लोभ होता है तथा तमोगुणसे प्रमाद और मोह -- ये दोनों होते हैं और अज्ञान भी होता है।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/sankar/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"d5557337dfdcb3b6cde5147e49c332bf35d4f41dfac4313f516ebc6fdbb5caee","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"sridhara-svamin-sc:source:14.17","canonicalRef":"gita.14.17","chapter":14,"verse":17,"authorId":"sridhara-svamin","author":"Śrīdhara Svāmin","editionId":"sridhara-svamin-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।14.17।। तत्रैव हेतुमाह -- सत्त्वादिति। सत्त्वाज्ज्ञानं संजायते। अतः सात्त्विकस्य कर्मणः प्रकाशबहुलं सुखं फलं भवति। रजसो लोभो जायते। तस्य च दुःखहेतुत्वात्? तत्पूर्वकस्य कर्मणो दुःखं फलं भवति। तमसस्तु प्रमादमोहाज्ञानानि भवन्ति। ततस्तामसस्य कर्मणोऽज्ञानप्रापकं फलं भवतीति युक्तमेवेत्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_14_slok_17.json#/srid/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"6a53bf164c65b848bf58fc945f7c4a97e090820785fe7089452315b939e5e039","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"}]},"meta":{"commentaryCount":29}}