{"data":{"canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","workId":"gita","work":"gita","edition":"gita-standard-700","corpusVersion":"gita-1.0.0-rc.1","chapter":18,"verse":35,"speaker":"Krishna","representations":{"devanagari":"यया स्वप्नं भयं शोकं विषादं मदमेव च।\nन विमुञ्चति दुर्मेधा धृतिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥","iast":"yayā svapnaṃ bhayaṃ śokaṃ viṣādaṃ madameva ca\nna vimuñcati durmedhā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī","english":"O son of Pṛthā! by which an undiscerning man does not give up sleep fear sorrow despondency and folly."},"translation":{"translator":"Kashinath Trimbak Telang","editionYear":1882,"status":"machine-aligned; two human reviews pending","alignmentConfidence":0.315},"variants":[],"provenance":[{"sourceId":"vedic-scriptures","locator":"BG18.35","role":"Devanagari and IAST digital witness"},{"sourceId":"telang-1882","locator":"Chapter 18; aligned against BG18.35","role":"English translation witness"}],"review":{"transcription":"machine-cross-checked","firstHumanReview":"pending","secondHumanReview":"pending","releaseEligible":false},"checksum":"b7c5f24333983df7497b51e36e70696782f0a45c7a5dcab8b08b9e8181a43d9a","commentaries":[{"id":"prabhupada-ec:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"It should not be concluded that a person in the mode of goodness does not dream. Here “dream” means too much sleep. Dreaming is always present; either in the mode of goodness, passion or ignorance, dreaming is a natural occurrence. But those who cannot avoid oversleeping, who cannot avoid the pride of enjoying material objects, who are always dreaming of lording it over the material world, and whose life, mind and senses are thus engaged, are considered to have determination in the mode of ignorance.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/prabhu/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"5bdb23fb695812ec2513408d319127f7317a51c117f650f2207e946d245e3137","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"prabhupada-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"And that determination which cannot go beyond dreaming, fearfulness, lamentation, moroseness and illusion – such unintelligent determination, O son of Pṛthā, is in the mode of darkness.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/prabhu/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"3af4e23b016efad5a4033db3ef35c63251078e6ca3c40d1d243a421274765d18","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.33 -- 18.35।।धृत्येत्यादि तामसी मतेत्यन्तम्। मनःप्राणेन्द्रियक्रियाः योगेन धारयति यथा किं ममोपभोगादिभिः सर्वथैवात्मारामो भूयासम्इति मन्वानः। प्रसङ्गेनेति -- न तथा अभिनिवेशेन। निद्राकलहादिष्वेव यया सन्तोषं बध्नाति तत्परतया? सा तामसी धृतिः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/abhinav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"35a048511dd97e9b99b9e16a7d902fecbb3330e36d8ae208a953aa5a16b9b95b","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.33-35 Dhrtya etc. upto Tamasi mata. One restrains the activities of his mind, living breath and senses, with Yoga : i.e., thinking 'What is the use for me by enjoying etc. ? Let me be delighted in the Self by all means.' Conseently : not with much indulgence. That content whery one fixes pleasure as his goal only in sleep, fight etc.-that content is of the Tamas (Strand).","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/abhinav/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"01cc21996d19d9a8bc865dacc196177deaa2fadc1f0acac9fc5f3e7dffcadc2e","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"dhanapati-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"dhanapati","author":"Dhanapati","editionId":"dhanapati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।राजसीं धुतिं व्युत्पाद्य तामसीं तां व्युत्पादयति -- ययेत्ति। दुर्मेधाः दुष्टा कुत्सिता मेधा बुद्धिर्यस्य स दुर्बुद्धिर्यया धृत्या स्वप्नं निद्रां भयं त्रासं शोकं प्रियवियोगनिमित्तं संतापं विषादं विषण्णतामिन्द्रियखिन्नतां विषयेसेवात्मनो बहुमन्यमानो मत्त इव यो मदमेव च मनसि नित्यमेव कर्तव्यरुपतया कुर्वन्न विमुञ्चति धारयत्येव सा धृतिः पार्थ? तामसी।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/dhan/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c3bcd139c7d4574725865efd8db0beb62870cdffc1ce19dc610142991e01aca2","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"s-sankaranarayan-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"s-sankaranarayan","author":"Dr. S. S. Sankaranarayan","editionId":"s-sankaranarayan-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35. The content, whery a foolish man does not give up his sleep, fear, grief, despondency and also arrogancethat content is deemed to be of the Tamas (Strand).","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/san/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"f03b7fdab7b5ec0e4f37f990e6075c5b10f1fea1bd5f6ba01f6a2f0ba9922723","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"jayatirtha-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"jayatirtha","author":"Jayatīrtha","editionId":"jayatirtha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।Sri Jayatirtha did not comment on this sloka.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/jaya/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"8e131db0907e7f506d4915ae1e9b1ccbd3e6e8c4cd3d1901ef17f289f62a61b7","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"madhusudana-sarasvati-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"madhusudana-sarasvati","author":"Madhusūdana Sarasvatī","editionId":"madhusudana-sarasvati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।यया स्वप्नमिति। स्वप्नं निद्रां? भयं त्रासं? शोकं इष्टवियोगनिमित्तं संतापं? विषादमिन्द्रियावसादं? मदमशास्त्रीयविषयसेवोन्मुखत्वं च यया न विमुञ्चत्येव किंतु सदैव कर्तव्यतया मन्यते दुर्मेधा विवेकासमर्था धृतिः सा पार्थ? तामसी।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/ms/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"9b6d052c11e9acea2862f2c49125fdc4226a030eb162391837a74be5dd6eb9fe","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"madhvacharya-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"madhvacharya","author":"Madhvācārya","editionId":"madhvacharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka.,","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/madhav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"2ded3967dbc6f3f7088999de5eefee5bbd61a0fb048a3d0ff0609c7feb2c8815","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"nilakantha-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"nilakantha","author":"Nīlakaṇṭha","editionId":"nilakantha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।स्वप्नं निद्राम्। भयं त्रासम्। शोकं प्रसिद्धम्। विषादं विषण्णताम्। मदमशास्त्रीयविषयसेवया चित्तस्य विवशत्वम्। एतान्न विमुञ्चति धारयत्येव यया धत्या सा धृतिः पार्थ? तामसी।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/neel/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"93ecd8db9a6875ab2baa6ada6ab328b1209f9d79a5a3f0a338261d111ae4bbe8","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purushottama-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"purushottama","author":"Puruṣottamajī","editionId":"purushottama-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।तामसीमाह -- ययेति। दुर्मेधाः दुर्बुद्धिः यया आग्रहरूपया स्वप्नं निद्रां मोहरूपां? भयं भगवदिच्छाज्ञानेन शत्रुचौरादिभ्यो मृत्युतो वा? शोकं भगवत्कृतार्थस्यासमीचीनज्ञानेन चिन्तनं? विषादं सखेदं? मदं स्वाज्ञानरूपम् -- एवकारेण मांसादिभक्षणं च -- न विमुञ्चति विशेषेण सदोषत्वज्ञानाभावेनापि करणम् एवं या न त्यजति हे पार्थ सा धृतिस्तामसी निष्फलेत्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/puru/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c2f5f060219fd769464ccfb254784d2f65aa55d8a014bce8b6b9e4da8161314e","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"ramanuja-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"ramanuja","author":"Rāmānuja","editionId":"ramanuja-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।यया धृत्या स्वप्नं निद्रां मदं विषयानुभवजनितं मदं स्वप्नमदौ उद्दिश्य प्रवृत्ता मनःप्राणादीनां क्रियाः दुर्मेधाः न विमुञ्चति धारयति। भयशोकविषादशब्दाः च भयशोकादिदायिविषयपराः तत्साधनभूताः च भनःप्राणादिक्रियाः यया धारयते? सा धृतिः तामसी।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/raman/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"88aedefd56999a7dc89da12529952b1823b21e4128a6b0d41cd63cf89073d63e","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"ramanuja-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"ramanuja","author":"Rāmānuja","editionId":"ramanuja-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35 That Dhrti by which a foolish person does not give up, i.e. persists in, sleep, and sensuous indulgence through the activities of the mind, vital force etc., - that Dhrti is of the nature of Tamas. The terms fear, grief and depression indicate the objects generating fear, grief etc. That Dhrti by which one maintains the activities of the mind, the vital force etc., as a means for these, is of the nature of Tamas.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/raman/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"6807f7d3e3899c0a3054347e3c9c3bf8fcf11f93f3690c1cdb3804cdce753d00","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purohit-swami-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"purohit-swami","author":"Shri Purohit Swami","editionId":"purohit-swami-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35 And that which clings perversely to false idealism, fear, grief, despair and vanity is the product of Ignorance.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/purohit/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"7270f3d20cc9e8692b8e249c3aa1bbe32c73799343cd576098ef9b3bae9bfa88","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-adidevananda-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-adidevananda","author":"Swami Adidevananda","editionId":"swami-adidevananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35 That Dhrti by which a foolish person does not give up sleep, fear, grief, depression and passion, O Arjuna, is of the nature of Tamas.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/adi/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"df01693e0c74981f890fdaf30ae7c3af33de8623ddfa1935340f53d5a39785dd","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-chinmayananda-hc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-chinmayananda","author":"Swami Chinmayananda","editionId":"swami-chinmayananda-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।। इस श्लोक में वर्णित तामसी धृति को समझना कठिन नहीं है? क्योंकि हममें से अधिकांश लोगों की धृति इसी श्रेणी की है निद्रा भयादि को धारण करने वाली धृति तामसी कही गयी है।स्वप्न यह शब्द उस मन की प्रक्षेपित कल्पनाओं को इंगित करता है? जो प्राय निद्रावस्था में डूबा रहता है। अनुभव की वह अवस्था स्वप्न है? जहाँ वास्तव में वस्तुओं का अभाव होते हुए भी मनकल्पित मिथ्या विषयों का भोग होता है। तमोगुणी लोग बाह्य वस्तुओं पर अपने मन के द्वारा सुन्दरता एवं सुख का आरोप करके फिर उनकी प्राप्ति के लिए परिश्रम और संघर्षरत रहते हैं।भय ऐसे अविवेकी लोग व्यर्थ में ही अन्धकारमय भविष्य की कल्पना करके उससे भयभीत होते हैं। संभव है कि वह भयप्रद घटना कभी घटित ही न हो? किन्तु उसका काल्पनिक भय ही मनुष्य के सन्तुलन? संयम एवं सन्तोष को नष्ट करने के लिए पर्याप्त होता है। हममें से कितने ही लोगों ने इस प्रकार के भय का अनुभव अपने जीवन में किया होगा। कुछ लोगों को भय होता है कि कल वे मरने वाले हैं? और प्रतिदिन वे पूर्व के समान ही स्वस्थ व्यक्ति के रूप में ही जागते हैं मानसिक दृष्टि से? ऐसे लोग भयोन्माद के रोगी होते हैं। और जिस दृढ़ता से वे इस भय ग्रन्थि को ग्रहण किये रहते हैं? वह वास्तव में अपूर्व होती है।शोक? विषाद और मद मनुष्य की सार्मथ्य को क्षीण करने वाले ये तीन कारण हैं। तामसी पुरुष इन्हें धारण करके एक प्रकार की आन्तरिक रिक्तता और थकान का अनुभव करता है। अतीत में हुई अनिष्ट घटना का मनुष्य को शोक होता है भविष्य को अन्धकारमय देखकर उसका मन विषाद से भर जाता है और वर्तमान काल मे कामुकतापूर्ण अनैतिक जीवन का गर्व करने में ही मूढ़ पुरुष को मद का अनुभव होता है।उपर्युक्त स्वप्नादि पाँच जीवन मूल्यों को धारण करने वाले पुरुष दुर्मेधा हैं और ऐसे पुरुषों की धृति तामसी कही जाती है।इसके पश्चात्? अब? कर्म के फल सुख का वर्णन करते हैं? जो भी त्रिविध है। भगवान् कहते हैं","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/chinmay/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"5fee2ab3ff16de2d0964ae7e83d99b9877fc699a9e79ac3a095418ab17121762","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-gambirananda-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-gambirananda","author":"Swami Gambirananda","editionId":"swami-gambirananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35 That firmness is considered [Some editions read partha in place of mata (considered).-Tr.] to be born of tamas due to which a person with a corrupt intellect does not give up sleep, fear, sorrow, despondency as also sensuality.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/gambir/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"b02c3c58553f73ca5005a65ff71bfe869211bfa7cfb95a8753768371848871a0","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।। व्याख्या -- यया स्वप्नं भयं ৷৷. सा पार्थ तामसी -- तामसी धारणशक्तिके द्वारा मनुष्य ज्यादा निद्रा? बाहर और भीतरका भय? चिन्ता? दुःख और घमण्ड -- इनका त्याग नहीं करता? प्रत्युत इन सबमें रचापचा रहता है। वह कभी ज्यादा नींदमें पड़ा रहता है? कभी मृत्यु? बीमारी? अपयश? अपमान? स्वास्थ्य? धन आदिके भयसे भयभीत होता रहता है? कभी शोकचिन्तामें डूबा रहता है? कभी दुःखमें मग्न रहता है और कभी अनुकूल पदार्थोंके मिलनेसे घमण्डमें चूर रहता है।निद्रा? भय? शोक आदिके सिवाय प्रमाद? अभिमान? दम्भ? द्वेष? ईर्ष्या आदि दुर्गुणोंको तथा हिंसा? दूसरोंका अपकार करना? उनको कष्ट देना? उनके धनका किसी तरहसे अपहरण करना आदि दुराचोंको भी एव च पदोंसे मान लेना चाहिये।इस प्रकार निद्रा? भय आदिको और दुर्गुणदुराचारोंको पकड़े रहनेवाली अर्थात् उनको न छोड़नेवाली धृति तामसी होती है।भगवान्ने तैंतीसवेंचौंतीसवें श्लोकोंमें धारयते पदसे सात्त्विक और राजस मनुष्यके द्वारा क्रमशः सात्त्विकी और राजसी धृतिको धारण करनेकी बात कही है परन्तु यहाँ तामस मनुष्यके द्वारा तामसी धृतिको धारण,करनेकी बात नहीं कही। कारण यह है कि जिसकी बुद्धि बहुत ही दुष्टा है? जिसकी बुद्धिमें अज्ञता? मूढता भरी हुई है? ऐसा मिलन अन्तःकरणवाला तामस मनुष्य निद्रा? भय? शोक आदि भावोंको छोड़ता ही नहीं। वह उनमें स्वाभाविक ही रचापचा रहता है।सात्त्विकी? राजसी और तामसी -- इन तीनों धृतियोंके वर्णनमें राजसी और तामसी धृतिमें तो क्रमशः फलाकाङ्क्षी और दुर्मेधाः पदसे कर्ताका उल्लेख किया है? पर सात्त्विकी धृतिमें कर्ताका उल्लेख किया ही नहीं। इसका कारण यह है कि सात्त्विकी धृतिमें कर्ता निर्लिप्त रहता है अर्थात् उसमें कर्तृत्वका लेप नहीं होता परन्तु राजसी और तामसी धृतिमें कर्ता लिप्त होता है।विशेष बातमानवशरीर विवेकप्रधान है। मनुष्य जो कुछ करता है? उसे वह विचारपूर्वक ही करता है। वह ज्यों ही विचारपूर्वक काम करता है? त्यों ही विवेक ज्यादा स्पष्ट प्रकट होता है। सात्त्विक मनुष्यकी धृति(धारणशक्ति) में यह विवेक साफसाफ प्रकट होता है कि मुझे तो केवल परमात्माकी तरफ ही चलना है। राजस मनुष्यकी धृतिमें संसारके पदार्थों और भोगोंमें रागकी प्रधानता होनेके कारण विवेक वैसा स्पष्ट नहीं होता फिर भी इस लोकमें सुखआराम? मानआदर मिले और परलोकमें अच्छी गति मिले? भोग मिले -- इस विषयमें विवेक काम करता है और आचरण भी मर्यादाके अनुसार ही होता है। परन्तु तामस मनुष्यकी धृतिमें विवेक बिलकुल ही दब जाता है। तामस भावोंमें उसकी इतनी दृढ़ता हो जाती है कि उसे उन भावोंको धारण करनेकी आवश्यकता ही नहीं रहती। वह तो निद्रा? भय आदि तामसभावोंमें ही रचापचा रहता है।पारमार्थिक मार्गमें क्रिया इतना काम नहीं करती जितना अपना उद्देश्य काम करता है। स्थूल क्रियाकी प्रधानता स्थूलशरीरमें? चिन्तनकी प्रधानता सूक्ष्मशरीरमें और स्थिरताकी प्रधानता कारणशरीरमें होती है? यह सब क्रिया ही है। क्रिया तो शरीरोंमें होती है? पर मेरेको तो केवल पारमार्थिक मार्गपर ही चलना है -- ऐसा उद्देश्य या लक्ष्य स्वयं(चेतनस्वरूप) में ही रहता है। स्वयंमें जैसा लक्ष्य होता है? उसके अनुसार स्वतः क्रियाएँ होती हैं। जो चीज स्वयंमें रहती है? वह कभी बदलती नहीं। उस लक्ष्यकी दृढ़ताके लिये सात्त्विकी बुद्धिकी आवश्यकता है और बुद्धिके निश्चयको अटल रखनेके लिये सात्त्विकी धृतिकी आवश्यकता है। इसलिये यहाँ तीसवेंसे पैंतीसवें श्लोकतक कुल छः श्लोकोंमें छः बार पार्थ सम्बोधनका प्रयोग करके भगवान् साधकमात्रके प्रतिनिधि अर्जुनको चेताते हैं कि पृथानन्दन लौकिक वस्तुओं और व्यक्तियोंके लिये चिन्ता न करके तुम अपने लक्ष्यको दृढ़तासे धारण किये रहो। अपनेमें कभी भी राजसतामसभाव न आने पायें -- इसके लिये निरन्तर सजग रहो, सम्बन्ध -- मनुष्योंकी कर्मोंमें प्रवृत्ति सुखके लोभसे ही होती है अर्थात् सुखकर्मसंग्रहमें हेतु है। अतः आगेके चार श्लोकोंमें सुखके भेद बताते हैं।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/rams/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"355475f50bc9844ead22ac772f40e6669c508f5ba60cce28cc7b5c25d4bebb4b","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।18.35।।हे पार्थ ! दुष्ट बुद्धिवाला मनुष्य जिस धृतिके द्वारा निद्रा, भय, चिन्ता, दुःख और घमण्डको भी नहीं छोड़ता, वह धृति तामसी है।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/rams/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"7cefb221cdbb85ac50ae03969fc344b2afbe166e8b36aad9672280a31f38430a","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-ec:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"18.35 यया by which? स्वप्नम् sleep? भयम् fear? शोकम् grief? विषादम् despair? मदम् conceit? एव indeed? च and? न not? विमुञ्चति abandons? दुर्मेधाः a stupid man? धृतिः firmness? सा that? पार्थ O Arjuna? तामसी Tamasic (dark).Commentary The man who is an embodiment of darkness is made up of every possible kind of evil. He is very indolent and sinful. He is inordinately addicted to sleep. He considers these to be only proper. He experiences sorrow on account of his evil actions. As he is very much attached to the body he entertains great fear. He is ever discontented at heart. He is lustful and selfconceited. He does not know how to behave. He is rude and insolent. He indulges much in sensual pleasures.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/siva/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"8d2adff4397d0157f9e09e5cfc827d9faf1ada72e4a6718ae173c62b6d28705c","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35 That, by which a stupid man does not abandon sleep, fear, grief, despair and also conceit that firmness, O Arjuna, is Tamasic.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/siva/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"ba02c40341509a5c5c230faa5a2a3db1377a075368ab332e24fd432b72423e1c","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-tejomayananda-ht:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"swami-tejomayananda","author":"Swami Tejomayananda","editionId":"swami-tejomayananda-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।18.35।। हो पार्थ ! दुर्बुद्धि पुरुष जिस धारणा के द्वारा, स्वप्न, भय, शोक, विषाद और मद को नहीं त्यागता है, वह धृति तामसी है।।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/tej/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"c4eae64b91a13a69588556699bd6e76b26a7c480c8f60c335d2ce9c947aa93f1","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"vallabhacharya-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"vallabhacharya","author":"Vallabhācārya","editionId":"vallabhacharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।यया स्वप्नमिति। स्वप्नादीन्न विमुञ्चति तान्प्रति प्रयुक्ता मनःप्राणेन्द्रियक्रिया वा न विमुञ्चति।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/vallabh/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"d4d542fb3ee749165493cfbf0b7cd0b13a7c3a8d20c11167e89088427447536a","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"vedanta-desika-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"vedanta-desika","author":"Vedānta Deśika Veṅkaṭanātha","editionId":"vedanta-desika-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।स्वप्नशब्दोऽत्र सुषुप्तेरप्युपलक्षक इत्यभिप्रायेणाऽऽह -- निद्रामिति। दैवागतोन्मादादिव्यवच्छेदाय दुर्नीतिमूलत्वं मदस्याऽत्र दर्शयति -- विषयानुभवजनितमिति। अस्वाधीनानां स्वप्नादीनां कथं पुरुषेण धारणं इति शङ्कायामत्राऽपि हेतुलक्षणा पूर्ववदित्याह -- स्वप्नमदावुद्दिश्येति। स्वप्नमदयोः सुखाभिमानास्पदतया भयादेः पृथक्कृत्य व्याख्यानम्। धारणमेवात्र योक्तव्यत्वसूचनायन विमुञ्चति इत्युच्यत इत्यभिप्रायेणाऽऽह -- न विमुञ्चति धारयतीति। न चात्र भीरोर्धृतिर्विरुद्धेति वाच्यम्? आगाम्यनवेक्षणेन दुर्मतेस्तद्धेत्वनुवर्तनपरत्वात्। भयदायिविषयो दुर्मानमूलप्रबलविरोधादिः शोकदायी तु क्रोधादिमूलबन्धुवधादिः? विषाददायी तु वृथावित्तव्ययादिः। दुर्मेधाः -- दुर्मेधस्त्वादित्यर्थः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/venkat/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"baeaf405c2693a78f34cfe903f41b74deb6e45564f74a7146849234188046408","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"anandagiri-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"anandagiri","author":"Ānandagiri","editionId":"anandagiri-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।तामसीं धृतिं व्याचष्टे -- ययेति। शोकं प्रियवियोगनिमित्तं संतापम्। विषण्णतामिन्द्रियाणां ग्लानिम्। विषयसेवा कुमार्गप्रवृत्तेरुपलक्षणमुक्तं? स्वप्नादिमदान्तं सर्वमेव कर्तव्यतयात्मनो बहु मन्यमानो मनसि नित्यमेव कुर्वन्दुर्मेधा न विमुञ्चति किंतु धारयत्येवेति योजना।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/anand/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"048c8872a13522279089035c483d379cf2b9bd2b3b1fc6b435414acf3bf8fe3f","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।। --,यया स्वप्नं निद्रां भयं त्रासं शोकं विषादं विषण्णतां मदं विषयसेवाम् आत्मनः बहुमन्यमानः मत्त इव मदम् एव च मनसि नित्यमेव कर्तव्यरूपतया कुर्वन् न विमुञ्चति धारयत्येव दुर्मेधाः कुत्सितमेधाः पुरुषः यः? तस्य धृतिः या? सा तामसी मता।।गुणभेदेन क्रियाणां कारकाणां च त्रिविधो भेदः उक्तः। अथ इदानीं फलस्य सुखस्य त्रिविधो भेदः उच्यते --,","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/sankar/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"d9f6abcab25a0aeea90f97865223e459749a480ce14cc2efed3e72a0c74df42d","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-et:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"18.35 That firmness is mata, considered to be; tamasi, born of tamas; yaya, due to which; durmedha, a person with a corrupt intellect; na vimuncati, does not give up-indeed, holds fast to; svapnam, sleep; bhayam, fear; sokam, sorrow; visadam, despondency; eva ca, as also; madam, sensuality, enjoyment of objects-mentally holding these as things that must always be resorted to, considering them to be greatly important to himself, like a drunkard thinking of wine.\nThe threefold division of action as also of agents according to the differences of the gunas has been stated. After that, now is being stated the threefold division of results and happiness:","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/sankar/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"7d4433264e320a80eb4f226f6257dee29b70aab84faf8f202b1bbed4cb497fdf","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-ht:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।18.35।।जिस धृतिके द्वारा मनुष्य स्वप्न -- निद्रा? भय -- त्रास? शोक -- दुःख और मदको नहीं छोड़ता। अर्थात् विषयसेवनको ही अपने लिये बहुत बड़ा पुरुषार्थ मानकर उन्मत्तकी भाँति मदको ही मनमें सदा कर्तव्यरूपसे समझता हुआ जो कुत्सित बुद्धिवाला मनुष्य इन सबको नहीं छोड़ता। यानी धारण ही किये रहता है। उसकी जो धृति है? वह तामसी मानी गयी है।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/sankar/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"76eb807c3c5e60a3e01c3da9415982949757a60507942746d6eb65198676d6bb","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"sridhara-svamin-sc:source:18.35","canonicalRef":"gita.18.35","chapter":18,"verse":35,"authorId":"sridhara-svamin","author":"Śrīdhara Svāmin","editionId":"sridhara-svamin-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।18.35।।तामसीं धृतिमाह -- ययेति। दुष्टा अविवेकबहुला मेधा यस्य स दुर्मेधाः पुरुषः यया धृत्या स्वप्नादीन्न विमुञ्चति पुनःपुनरावर्तयति। स्वप्नोऽत्र निद्रा। सा धृतिस्तामसी।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_18_slok_35.json#/srid/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"21ef0afacf7409433c49b4f52794477d93422fa7e1598e5eb9e0f19cd1a051f4","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"}]},"meta":{"commentaryCount":29}}