{"data":{"canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","workId":"gita","work":"gita","edition":"gita-standard-700","corpusVersion":"gita-1.0.0-rc.1","chapter":8,"verse":17,"speaker":"Krishna","representations":{"devanagari":"सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद् ब्रह्मणो विदुः।\nरात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥","iast":"sahasrayugaparyantamaharyad brahmaṇo viduḥ\nrātriṃ yugasahasrāntāṃ te.ahorātravido janāḥ","english":"Those who know a day of Brahman to end after one thousand ages and the night to terminate after one thousand ages are the persons who know day and night. On the advent of day"},"translation":{"translator":"Kashinath Trimbak Telang","editionYear":1882,"status":"machine-aligned; two human reviews pending","alignmentConfidence":0.568},"variants":[],"provenance":[{"sourceId":"vedic-scriptures","locator":"BG8.17","role":"Devanagari and IAST digital witness"},{"sourceId":"telang-1882","locator":"Chapter 8; aligned against BG8.17","role":"English translation witness"}],"review":{"transcription":"machine-cross-checked","firstHumanReview":"pending","secondHumanReview":"pending","releaseEligible":false},"checksum":"5bade903902594a7ec61f80a2c20d2827007e0161d5d8b76897515df79908414","commentaries":[{"id":"prabhupada-ec:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"The duration of the material universe is limited. It is manifested in cycles of kalpas. A kalpa is a day of Brahmā, and one day of Brahmā consists of a thousand cycles of four yugas, or ages: Satya, Tretā, Dvāpara and Kali. The cycle of Satya is characterized by virtue, wisdom and religion, there being practically no ignorance and vice, and the yuga lasts 1,728,000 years. In the Tretā-yuga vice is introduced, and this yuga lasts 1,296,000 years. In the Dvāpara-yuga there is an even greater decline in virtue and religion, vice increasing, and this yuga lasts 864,000 years. And finally in Kali-yuga (the yuga we have now been experiencing over the past 5,000 years) there is an abundance of strife, ignorance, irreligion and vice, true virtue being practically nonexistent, and this yuga lasts 432,000 years. In Kali-yuga vice increases to such a point that at the termination of the yuga the Supreme Lord Himself appears as the Kalki avatāra, vanquishes the demons, saves His devotees, and commences another Satya-yuga. Then the process is set rolling again. These four yugas, rotating a thousand times, comprise one day of Brahmā, and the same number comprise one night. Brahmā lives one hundred of such “years” and then dies. These “hundred years” by earth calculations total to 311 trillion and 40 billion earth years. By these calculations the life of Brahmā seems fantastic and interminable, but from the viewpoint of eternity it is as brief as a lightning flash. In the Causal Ocean there are innumerable Brahmās rising and disappearing like bubbles in the Atlantic. Brahmā and his creation are all part of the material universe, and therefore they are in constant flux. In the material universe not even Brahmā is free from the process of birth, old age, disease and death. Brahmā, however, is directly engaged in the service of the Supreme Lord in the management of this universe – therefore he at once attains liberation. Elevated sannyāsīs are promoted to Brahmā’s particular planet, Brahmaloka, which is the highest planet in the material universe and which survives all the heavenly planets in the upper strata of the planetary system, but in due course Brahmā and all the inhabitants of Brahmaloka are subject to death, according to the law of material nature.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/prabhu/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"8396de2a3a404019d514acaa8d61d58faf14e3b63346b74757d36f77cddf8024","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"prabhupada-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"prabhupada","author":"A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada","editionId":"prabhupada-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"By human calculation, a thousand ages taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/prabhu/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"ae0d45bc661082a0aa87063f85bdd8adf8c39c0e4fd2b0aeef77a4f99f8dae4b","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-sc:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।8.17 -- 8.19।।ननु क एवं जानाति यत् सर्वभुवनेभ्यः पुनरावृत्तिः। ब्रह्मादय एव ही तावत् चिरतरस्थायिनः श्रूयन्ते। ते एव (SN अत एव तावत्) कथं पुनरावर्त्तिनः पुनरावर्त्तित्वे हि तेऽपि स्युः प्रभवाप्ययधर्माणाः इत्या[शङ्कया ] ह -- सहस्रेत्यादि आगम इत्यन्तम्। ये खलु दीर्घदृश्वानः (N अदीर्घ -- ) ते ब्रह्मणोऽपि रात्रिं दिवं [ च ] पश्यन्ति प्रलयोदयतया। तथा च अहरहस्त एव विबुध्य निजां निजामेव चेष्टामनुरुध्यन्ते ( -- मवरुध्यन्ते) प्रतिरात्रि च तेषामेव निवृत्तपरिस्पन्दानां (S -- परिस्पन्दिनाम्) शक्तिमात्रत्वेनावस्थानम् (N -- त्वेनोपस्थानम्)। एवं सृष्टौ प्रलये च पुनः पुनर्भावः (K (n) -- र्भवः)। नान्येऽन्ये उपसृज्यन्ते अपि तु त एव जीवाः। कालकृतस्तु चिरक्षिप्रप्रत्ययात्मा विशेषः। एष च परिच्छेदः प्रजापतीनामप्यस्ति। ततश्च तेऽपि प्रभवाप्ययधर्माण एवेति,स्थितम्।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/abhinav/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"3061f11de7e73f486fb5a78b79d3712d006bf19ac26f8c4604c9e05c9b266254","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"abhinavagupta-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"abhinavagupta","author":"Abhinavagupta","editionId":"abhinavagupta-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"8.17 See Comment under 8.19","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/abhinav/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"264da39a2600b4e33449b2da62ffad3c5926ca9a6798f1341d306c9a450b77b9","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"dhanapati-sc:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"dhanapati","author":"Dhanapati","editionId":"dhanapati-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।8.17।।ब्रह्मलोकसहति लोगाः पुनरावर्तिन इत्युक्तं तेषां कालपरिच्छिन्नत्वादिति हेतुनोपपादयति। संहस्त्रं युगानि पर्यन्तं पर्यवासनं यस्याह्नस्तदहः सहस्त्रयुगपर्यन्तम्। युगशब्दोऽत्र चतुर्युगपरः।चतुर्युगसहस्त्रं तु ब्राह्मणो दिनमुच्यते इति पुराणोक्तेः। चतुर्युगपरिमाणं तु मनुष्याणां यद्वर्ष तदेव देवानामहोरात्रं तादृशैरहोरात्रैः पक्षादिक्रमेण द्वादशभिर्वर्षसहस्त्रैश्चतुर्युगं भवति। तत्र वर्ष चतुः सहस्त्रं कृतयुगं त्रिसहस्त्रंत्रैता द्विसहस्त्रं द्वापरं एकसहस्त्रं कलिः अष्टशतं कृतयुगस्य पूर्वोत्तरसंध्ये एवमग्रेपि युगऋभेण षट्चतुर्द्विशतसंख्याकसंध्याक्रमो बोध्यः। सहस्त्रयुगपर्यन्तं ब्रह्मणः प्रजापतेर्विराजोऽहर्दिनं विदुः। रात्रिमपि सहस्त्रयुगमन्तो यस्यास्तामहः परिमाणामेव विदुः। के वदुरित्याह। तेऽरोरात्राविदो ब्रह्मणो दिनरात्रिकालसंख्याविदो जनाः नतु मनुष्यदिनरात्रिकालविद इत्यर्थः। यतएवं यथोक्ताहोरात्रावयवमासर्त्वयनसंवत्सरावयवशतसंख्यायुरवच्छिन्नः प्रजापतिस्तदन्तर्वर्तिलोका अपि यथायोग्यकालपरिच्छिन्ना अतो ब्रह्मलोकसहिताः सर्वे लोकाः पुनरावर्तिन इत्याशयः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/dhan/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"14be1352e27ee832597b6dc7ac6cf8a949480176506d78ced568b0ef9a7a28ee","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"s-sankaranarayan-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"s-sankaranarayan","author":"Dr. S. S. Sankaranarayan","editionId":"s-sankaranarayan-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"8.17. Those who know the day of Brahma as compassing one thousand yugas (world-ages), and night [also] as compassing one thousand yugas-those men know the day and night of Brahma.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/san/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"602d0dd0fb37a03fdabfa012bb39894aa40be980d704ad248bb23bfca7f11d9c","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"jayatirtha-sc:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"jayatirtha","author":"Jayatīrtha","editionId":"jayatirtha-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।8.17 -- 8.19।।उत्तरप्रकरणस्यासङ्गतिमाशङ्क्याह -- मां प्राप्येति। अवस्थितानामिति शेषः। प्रतिज्ञामात्रेण हि तदुक्तं अव्यक्तसामर्थ्यस्यात्र कथनात् कथमात्मेत्युच्यते इत्यत उक्तम् -- अव्यक्ताख्येति। प्रलयादीति तत्कारणत्वमात्मनः। सृष्टिप्रलययोरिदम्पूर्वत्वाभावज्ञापनाय गीतामुल्लङ्घ्योक्तम्। अत्र सहस्रशब्दो,दशशतवाचीतिप्रतीतिनिरासायाह -- सहस्रेति। बहुशब्दपर्यायोऽयं न तु प्रसिद्धार्थः। विरिञ्चाहोरात्रयोः प्रसिद्धस्य सहस्रचतुर्युगपर्यन्तत्वात् कथमेतत् इत्यत आह -- ब्रह्मेति। तथा च द्विपरार्धप्रलयस्यादिसृष्टेश्चात्र विवक्षितत्वात् उक्तं युक्तम्। ननु परस्य ब्रह्मणो नित्यत्वादहोरात्रे न स्तः। तत्कथं तत्परमेतत् इत्यत आह -- सेति। सा निर्व्यापारावस्था परिपूर्णरूपस्यापि हरेः रजनीत्यर्थः। अनेनाहरपि सिद्धम्। भवेदेतद्यद्यत्र द्विपरार्धप्रलयस्यादिसृष्टेश्च विवक्षेत्यत्र प्रमाणं स्यादित्यत आह -- द्विपरार्धेति। एवमादिसृष्टिश्चेत्यपि ग्राह्यम्। न ह्यवान्तरसृष्टिप्रलययोः सर्वकार्योत्पत्तिविनाशाविति भावः। आगमान्तरसम्मतेश्चैवमित्याह -- उक्तं चेति। इतोऽप्येवमित्याह -- य इति। न ह्यवान्तरप्रलये सर्वेषामाकाशादीनां भूतानां नाशः नापि विरिञ्चस्य पञ्चभूतनाशेऽपि अविनाशित्वमिति भावः।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/jaya/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; 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human review pending","checksum":"7ace3d4060da4ed91efb44501512817f4ea3a2f93c8c1da7ea90681384dbfb18","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"purohit-swami-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"purohit-swami","author":"Shri Purohit Swami","editionId":"purohit-swami-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"8.17 Those who understand the cosmic day and cosmic night know that one day of creation is a thousand cycles, and that the night is of equal length.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/purohit/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"5ddf287e778c36cf17707ab1c8460d0d90de5d85efdccbbbb7bc8ba96d537ff0","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-adidevananda-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-adidevananda","author":"Swami Adidevananda","editionId":"swami-adidevananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"8.17 Those poeple who are knowers of what day and night are, know the day of Brahma which ends in a thousand yugas [The four yugas (in the human worlds), viz Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali are made up of 4,320,000 years. This period multiplied by a thousand constitutes one day of Brahma. His night also extends over an eal period. See M.S. and V.S.A.], and His night which ends in a thousand yugas.\n8.17 Those people who know the day of Brahma which is of a duration of a thousand Yugas (ages) and the night which is also of a thousand Yugas duration, they know day and night.\n8.17 Viduh, they know; that ahah, day; brahmanah, of Brahma, of Prajapati, of Virat; yat, which; sahasra-yuga-paryantam, ends in a thousand yugas; and also the ratirm, night; yuga-sahasra-antam, which ends in a thousand yugas, having the same duration as the day. Who knows (these)? In reply the Lord says: Te, they; janah, poeple; ahoratra-vidah, who are the knowers of what day and night are, i.e. the people who know the measurement of time. Since the worlds are thus delimited by time, therefore they are subject to return.\nWhat happens during the day and the night of Prajapati is being stated:","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/adi/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"cd2fed60084c1571f270ac83c72c379881deb5348ca88dca1a6ceb1104306c25","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-chinmayananda-hc:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-chinmayananda","author":"Swami Chinmayananda","editionId":"swami-chinmayananda-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।8.17।। आइन्स्टीन के सापेक्षवाद ने एक रहस्योद्घाटन किया है जो कि अब पश्चिमी देशों में स्वीकृत हो चुका है। इस सिद्धांत के अनुसार देश और काल की कल्पनाएं उन व्यक्तिगत तत्त्वों पर निर्भर करती हैं जो इनके मापदण्ड के नियामक होते हैं। जब मन क्षुब्ध होता है तब समय भार मालूम पड़ता है और मन्दगति से बीत रहा प्रतीत होता है जैसे जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी की व्याकुलता या अत्यन्त उत्सुकता से प्रतीक्षा कर रहा होता है किन्तु उसी व्यक्ति को समय उड़ता हुआ प्रतीत होता है जब वह विश्राम और सुखदायक परिस्थितियों में बैठा हो जहाँ उसका मनोरंजन हो रहा हो। ताश खेलने में मग्न पुरुष को रात कैसे व्यतीत हो गई इसका भान नहीं रहता और उषाकाल की सूर्य की किरणों को खिड़की में से आते देखकर उसे आश्चर्य होता है। मन के प्रतिकूल कार्य करना पड़े अथवा शरीर में पीड़ा हो तो एकएक क्षण युगों के समान जान पड़ता है। निद्रावस्था के एक अखण्ड अनुभव में काल की कोई कल्पना नहीं होती।उपर्युक्त घटनाओं के निरीक्षण से हिन्दू दार्शनिक इस युक्तियुक्त निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचे कि वास्तव में जिसे हम काल कहते हैं वह दो भिन्नभिन्न अनुभवों के मध्य के अन्तराल की गणना है। मन को क्षुब्ध करने वाले अनुभवों की संख्या जितनी ही अधिक होगी समय की गति मन्द अनुभव होगी। एक ही अनुभव यदि दीर्घकाल तक बना रहे तो समय तीव्र गति से व्यतीत होगा। केवल एक ही अनुभव में काल का अनुभव नहीं होता जैसे एक ही बिन्दु पर दूरी की गणना नहीं होती क्योंकि दो बिन्दुओं के मध्य अन्तराल की गणना से ही दूरी नापी जा सकती है। इस सिद्धांत के आधार पर काल की गणना करते हुए पौराणिक कवियों ने जो कहा कि देवताओं की घड़ियों के डायल बड़े होते हैं तो उनका कथन उपयुक्त ही है उपनिषदों में भी आनन्द की मीमांसा की गई है जिसमें एक मानवीय आनन्द को इकाई मानकर ब्रह्माजी तक के देवों को प्राप्त आनन्द की मात्रा की गणना की गई है। र्मत्यलोक से उच्चतर विभिन्न लोकों में आनन्द की मात्रा में वृद्धि उन लोकों में प्राप्त होने वाली मन की शान्ति एवं समता के तारतम्य को दर्शाती है।इस श्लोक में कहा गया है कि ब्रह्माजी का एक दिन एक सहस्र युगों का होता है तथा एक रात्रि भी उतनी ही दीर्घ होती है। युग से तात्पर्य कल्प से है। कालविदों ने जो यह गणना की है वह हमारे 365 दिनों के एक वर्ष की गणना के अनुसार है। चार युगों का एक कल्प होता है और ब्रह्माजी का एक दिन एक सहस्र कल्पों का माना गया है।जैसे व्यष्टि इकाइयाँ होंगी वैसे ही समष्टि होगी। व्यष्टि (एक) मन स्वेच्छा से अपनी सृष्टि की रचना करता है और उसका पोषण भी करता है। तत्पश्चात् उसे नष्ट कर देता है केवल पुनः नई सृष्टि रचने के लिए। सृष्टि और लय का यह निरन्तर कार्य मनुष्य केवल दिन में अर्थात् अपनी जाग्रत्अवस्था में ही करता है। इसी प्रकार यह माना जाता है कि समष्टि मन अर्थात् ब्रह्मा जी इस चराचर सृष्टि की रचना केवल उनकी जाग्रत् अवस्था में करते हैं।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/chinmay/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"20caed6d112cdcdcc14d326fcfbfd932f88ecafe5fb49a851c7d2739dc98f88c","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-gambirananda-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-gambirananda","author":"Swami Gambirananda","editionId":"swami-gambirananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"8.17 Those poeple who are knowers of what day and night are, know the day of Brahma which ends in a thousand yugas [The four yugas (in the human worlds), viz Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali are made up of 4,320,000 years. This period multiplied by a thousand constitutes one day of Brahma. His night also extends over an eal period. See M.S. and V.S.A.], and His night which ends in a thousand yugas.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/gambir/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"999ca74bb9da55a4f514eb0c8dcdec530a154da012b8912e64f4cf923bc43518","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-hc","fieldCode":"hc","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।8.17।। व्याख्या--सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् ৷৷. तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः --सत्य, त्रेता, द्वापर और कलि--मृत्युलोकके इन चार युगोंको एक चतुर्युगी कहते हैं। ऐसी एक हजार चतुर्युगी बीतनेपर ब्रह्माजीका एक दिन होता है और एक हजार चतुर्युगी बीतनेपर ब्रह्माजीकी एक रात होती है (टिप्पणी प0 470)। दिन-रातकी इसी गणनाके अनुसार सौ वर्षोंकी ब्रह्माजीकी आयु होती है। ब्रह्माजीकी आयुके सौ वर्ष बीतनेपर ब्रह्माजी परमात्मामें लीन हो जाते हैं और उनका ब्रह्मलोक भी प्रकृतिमें लीन हो जाता है तथा प्रकृति परमात्मामें लीन हो जाती है।\nकितनी ही बड़ी आयु क्यों न हो, वह भी कालकी अवधिवाली ही है। ऊँचे-से-ऊँचे कहे जानेवाले जो भोग हैं, वे भी संयोगजन्य होनेसे दुःखोंके ही कारण हैं--'ये हि संस्पर्शजा भोगा दुःखयोनय एव ते' (गीता 5। 22) और कालकी अवधिवाले हैं। केवल भगवान् ही कालातीत हैं। इस प्रकार कालके तत्त्वको जाननेवाले मनुष्य ब्रह्मलोकतकके दिव्य भोगोंको किञ्चिन्मात्र भी महत्त्व नहीं देते।\nसम्बन्ध--ब्रह्माजीके दिन और रातको लेकर जो सर्ग और प्रलय होते हैं, उसका वर्णन अब आगेके दो श्लोकोंमें करते हैं।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/rams/hc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"1637ebd521877a87ea01e36a9491f723f3b3a52ac6c589bcc7e5d0e6e2665982","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-ramsukhdas","author":"Swami Ramsukhdas","editionId":"swami-ramsukhdas-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।8.17।। जो मनुष्य ब्रह्माके एक हज़ार चतुर्युगीवाले एक दिनको और सहस्त्र चतुर्युगीपर्यन्त एक रातको जानते हैं, वे मनुष्य ब्रह्माके दिन और रातको जाननेवाले हैं।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/rams/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"56bf9fbd877633817d8d05b61c95fc5991cb8173682470c18c7403e4b6ca0c01","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-ec:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-ec","fieldCode":"ec","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"commentary","content":"8.17 सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् ending in a thousand Yugas (ages)? अहः day? यत् which? ब्रह्मणः of Brahma? विदुः know? रात्रिम् the night? युगसहस्रान्ताम् ending in a thousand Yugas (ages)? ते they? अहोरात्रविदः knowers of day and night? जनाः people.Commentary Day means evolution or projection or manifestation of the universe. Night means involution of the universe or Pralaya. The worlds are limited or conditioned in time. Therefore they return again. The world of Brahma (Brahmaloka or Sattyaloka) is also transient? although it lasts for a thousand ages. When the four great Yugas have gone round a thousan times? it make a daytime of Brahma and when an eal number of Yugas pass again it makes a night. Those who can see and live through the day and night of Brahma can really know what is a day and what is a night.The Suryasiddhanta speaks of the same division of time.According to it YearsKaliyuga (with its Sandhya andSandhyamsa) consists of 432?000Dvapara Yuga (do) 864?000Tretayuga (do) 1?296?000Kritayuga (do) 1?728?000Thus a Mahayuga consisting ofthese four Yugas comprises 4?320?00071 such Mahayugas with an additionalSandhya? at the close of 1?728?000years make one Manvantara of 308?448?00014 such Manvantaras with anotherSandhya? at the close of 1?728?000years constitute one Kalpa of 4?320?000?000Two Kalpas make a day and nightof Brahma of 8?640?000?000360 such days and nights make oneyear of Brahma consisting of 3?110?400?000?000100 such years constituteHis lifetime of 311?040?000?000?000The world is absorbed in the Avyakta or the Unmanifested or Mulaprakriti during the cosmic Pralaya (involution of the world). Just as the tree remains in a latent state in the seed? so also this whole universe remains in a latent state in a seedform in the Mulaprakriti during Pralaya. This is the night of Brahma. This is the cosmic night. Again the world is projected at the beginning of the Mahakalpa (evolution). There comes the cosmic dawn or cosmic day. This eternal rhythm of cosmic day and night (evolution and involution) is kept up in the macrocosm.Nothing that comes under this everrevolving wheel of cosmic day and night lasts for ever. That is the reason why the seers of the Upanishads? the sages of yore? lived in the transcendental Supreme being? the imperishable Self? the indestructible Purusha? the supreme goal of life? the highest end of man? which is beyond the cosmic day and night. Just as the seeds that are fried can hardly germinate? so also those who have attained to the imperishable Brahman? the Absolute? the Eternal? cannot return to this world of sorrow? pain and misery. They know neither day nor night. They are one with Existence Absolute.The manifested and the unmanifested dwell in Brahman. Brahman is beyond the manifested and the unmanifested. When the world and the body are destroyed Brahman is not destroyed. The waves come out and subside? but the ocean remains unaffected. So also the worlds come and subside? but Brahman the source of everything? the source of Mulaprakriti? ever remains unaffected. Just as ornaments come out of gold and then go back to gold when they are melted? so also all the worlds come out of Brahman and go back to Brahman. Gold is in no way affected by the various forms such as earning? bracelets? anklets? etc.? that have been made of it. Even so Brahman is not in the least affected by the projection and destruction (dissolution) of the worlds and the bodies of beings. It remains always as It is.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/siva/ec","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"608954ac1731f76a22c5661aed18a9933aaef2ae876898e72dc28b2cc9ca6d2c","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"swami-sivananda-et:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"swami-sivananda","author":"Swami Sivananda","editionId":"swami-sivananda-et","fieldCode":"et","language":"en","script":"Latn","contentType":"translation","content":"8.17 Those people who know the day of Brahma which is of a duration of a thousand Yugas (ages) and the night which is also of a thousand Yugas duration, they know day and night.","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/siva/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; 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Who knows (these)? In reply the Lord says: Te, they; janah, poeple; ahoratra-vidah, who are the knowers of what day and night are, i.e. the people who know the measurement of time. Since the worlds are thus delimited by time, therefore they are subject to return.\nWhat happens during the day and the night of Prajapati is being stated:","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/sankar/et","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"d00c43ac9695b2ebf9455a90b3892857df3c75a4328b4efbf83da14261a287ab","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"shankaracharya-ht:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"shankaracharya","author":"Śaṅkarācārya","editionId":"shankaracharya-ht","fieldCode":"ht","language":"hi","script":"Deva","contentType":"translation","content":"।।8.17।।ब्रह्मलोकसहित समस्त लोक पुनरावर्ती किस कारणसे हैं कालसे परिच्छिन्न हैं इसलिये कालसे परिच्छिन्न कैसे हैं --, ब्रह्मा -- प्रजापति अर्थात् विराट्के एक दिनको एक सहस्रयुगकी अवधिवाला अर्थात् जिसका एक सहस्रयुगमें अन्त हो ऐसा समझते हैं। तथा ब्रह्माकी रात्रिको भी सहस्रयुगकी अवधिवाली अर्थात् दिनके बराबर ही समझते हैं। ऐसा कौन समझते हैं सो कहते हैं -- वे दिन और रातके तत्त्वको जाननेवाले अर्थात् कालके परिमाणको जाननेवाले योगीजन ऐसा जानते हैं। इस प्रकार कालसे परिच्छिन्न होनेके कारण वे सभी लोक पुनरावृत्तिवाले हैं।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/sankar/ht","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"89cb08d3ba64ba9862ed3d61207381d92bde13da737a7e26218c7aca7ce0bae9","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"},{"id":"sridhara-svamin-sc:source:8.17","canonicalRef":"gita.8.17","chapter":8,"verse":17,"authorId":"sridhara-svamin","author":"Śrīdhara Svāmin","editionId":"sridhara-svamin-sc","fieldCode":"sc","language":"sa","script":"Deva","contentType":"commentary","content":"।।8.17।।ननु चतपस्विनो दानशीला वीतरागास्तितिक्षवः। त्रिलोक्या उपरि स्थानं लभन्ते शोकवर्जितम् इत्यादिपुराणवाक्यैस्त्रिलोक्याः सकाशान्महर्लोकादीनामुत्कृष्टत्वं गम्यते। विनाशित्वे च सर्वेषामवैशिष्ट्ये कथमसौ विशेषः स्यादित्याशङ्क्य बहुकल्पकालावस्थायित्वनिमित्तोऽसौ विशेष इत्याशयेन स्वमानेन शतवर्षायुषो ब्रह्मणोऽहन्यहनि त्रिलोक्या उत्पत्तिर्निशिनिशि च लयो भवतीति दर्शयिष्यन् ब्रह्मणोऽहोरात्रयोः प्रमाणमाह -- सहस्रेति। सहस्रं युगानि पर्यन्तोऽवसानं यस्य तद्ब्रह्मणो यदहस्तद्ये विदुः युगसहस्रमन्तो यस्यास्तां रात्रिं च योगबलेन ये विदुस्त एव सर्वज्ञजना अहोरात्रविदः। येषां तु केवलं चन्द्रार्कगत्यैव ज्ञानं ते तथाहोरात्रविदो न भवन्ति अल्पदर्शित्वात्। युगशब्देनात्र चतुर्युगमभिप्रेतम्चतुर्युगसहस्रं तु ब्रह्मणो दिनमुच्यते इति विष्णुपुराणोक्तेः। ब्रह्मण इति च महर्लोकादिवासिनामप्युपलक्षणार्थम्। तत्रायं कालगणनाप्रकारः। मनुष्याणां यद्वर्षं तद्देवानामहोरात्रं। तादृशैरहोरात्रैः पक्षमासादिकल्पनया द्वादशभिर्वर्षसहस्रैश्चतुर्युगं भवति। चतुर्युगसहस्रं च ब्रह्मणो दिनम्। तावत्परिमाणैव रात्रिः। तादृशैश्चाहोरात्रैः पक्षमासादिक्रमेण वर्षशतं ब्रह्मणः परमायुरिति।","sourceLocator":"bhagavadgita_chapter_8_slok_17.json#/srid/sc","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/vedicscriptures/bhagavad-gita","sourceCommit":"43dfc8db815d01e15a347ea294b089334cf2aa17","alignmentStatus":"machine-validated; human review pending","checksum":"a10e6b0e71ded436601b24150ef5cc6cd0e5615d5cbbae7a650cbbc6342fad86","corpusVersion":"gita-commentaries-0.2.0"}]},"meta":{"commentaryCount":29}}