13.19

।।13.20।। --,प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव ईश्वरस्य प्रकृती तौ प्रकृतिपुरुषौ उभावपि अनादि विद्धि? न विद्यते आदिः ययोः तौ अनादी। नित्येश्वरत्वात् ईश्वरस्य तत्प्रकृत्योरपि युक्तं नित्यत्वेन भवितुम्। प्रकृतिद्वयवत्त्वमेव हि ईश्वरस्य ईश्वरत्वम्। याभ्यां प्रकृतिभ्याम् ईश्वरः जगदुत्पत्तिस्थितिप्रलयहेतुः? ते द्वे अनादी सत्यौ संसारस्य कारणम्।।न आदी अनादी इति तत्पुरुषसमासं केचित् वर्णयन्ति। तेन हि किल ईश्वरस्य कारणत्वं सिध्यति। यदि पुनः प्रकृतिपुरुषावेव नित्यौ स्यातां तत्कृतमेव जगत् न ईश्वरस्य जगतः कर्तृत्वम्। तत् असत् प्राक् प्रकृतिपुरुषयोः उत्पत्तेः ईशितव्याभावात् ईश्वरस्य अनीश्वरत्वप्रसङ्गात्? संसारस्य निर्निमित्तत्वे अनिर्मोक्षप्रसङ्गात् शास्त्रानर्थक्यप्रसङ्गात् बन्धमोक्षाभावप्रसङ्गाच्च। नित्यत्वे पुनः ईश्वरस्य प्रकृत्योः सर्वमेतत् उपपन्नं भवेत्। कथम् विकारांश्च गुणांश्चैव वक्ष्यमाणान्विकारान् बुद्ध्यादिदेहेन्द्रियान्तान् गुणांश्च सुखदुःखमोहप्रत्ययाकारपरिणतान् विद्धि जानीहि प्रकृतिसंभवान्? प्रकृतिः ईश्वरस्य विकारकारणशक्तिः त्रिगुणात्मिका माया? सा संभवो येषां विकाराणां गुणानां च तान् विकारान् गुणांश्च विद्धि प्रकृतिसंभवान् प्रकृतिपरिणामान्।।के पुनः ते विकाराः गुणाश्च प्रकृतिसंभवाः --,

Alignment

machine-validated; human review pending

Checksum

1f927d92c858…

13.20 Know this Prakrti and Purusa (self) are uncreated and are beginningless. Know that the modifications, desire, hatred etc., which cause bondage, and the alities of modesty etc., which cause release, originate from Prakrti. The Prakrti, having no beginning, develops into the form of the body, and conjoint with the self, causes bondage through its own transformations such as desire and hatred. The same Prakrti, through its transformations like modesty etc., causes release. Such is the meaning. The difference in the functions of Prakrti and Purusa in combination is stated -

Alignment

machine-validated; human review pending

Checksum

48bc7b3218a8…

13.20 प्रकृतिम् matter? पुरुषम् spirit? च and? एव even? विद्धि know? अनादी beginningless? उभौ both? अपि also? विकारान् modifications? च and? गुणान् alities? च and? एव even? विद्धि know? प्रकृतिसंभवान् born of Prakriti.Commentary Steps are necessary to reach the top floor of a building. Even so? steps are necessary to reach the summit of the knowledge of the Self. That is the reason why Lord Krishna took Arjuna to the summit of knowledge step by step. He first taught Arjuna the nature of the field? then knowledge? ignorance or nonwisdom? and ultimately the knowable. When a child is to be fed,the intelligent mother divides the food into small portions and feeds the child little by little. Even so Lord Krishna fed His spiritual child Arjuna with the spiritual food little by little.Lord Krishna says O Arjuna I will give you the same teaching in another form by the description of the Spirit and Nature.Till now the Lord expounded the knowledge of the field and the Self in accordance with the philosophy of the Upanishads. Now He explains the same knowledge in accordance with the Sankhya philosophy? but without accepting its dual nature in the form of discrimination between the Spirit and Nature.Vikaras Modifications from the MahatTattva or intellect down to the physical body the twentyfour principles of the Sankhyas. The Self within is changeless. All changes take place in Nature. Mulaprakriti (the Primordial Nature? the Unmanifested) becomes modified into Mahat? egoism? mind? the great elements and other minor modifications.Just as coolness and ice? the day and the night? are inseparable? so also matter and Spirit are inseparable. The three alities Sattva? Rajas and Tamas are born of Nature (matter). All actions proceed from the mind? the lifeforce? the senses and the physical body.According to the Sankhya philosophy? Prakriti and Purusha are not only eternal and beginningless but also independent of each other and selfcreated. According to Vedanta philosophy? Prakriti or Maya originates from Brahman and is? therefore? neither selfcreated nor independent. Isvara has Maya under His perfect control. Maya is His causal body. Maya is His illusory power.Matter and Spirit are the Natures of Isvara. Know that these two are beginningless. That which has no beginning is Anadi. As Isvara is eternal? His two Natures also should be eternal. (This is according to the Sankhyas.)Isvara possesses these two Natures (superior and inferior) by which He causes the creation? preservation and destruction of the universe. Therefore He has the Lordship and rules over the universe. The two Natures have no beginning. Therefore they are the cause of Samsara.The inferior Nature (Apara Prakriti) which consists of the eightfold division of Nature referred to in chapter VII? verse 4? is the Prakriti of chapter XIII? verse 19. The superior Nature (Para Prakriti) referred to in chapter VII? verse 5? is the Purusha of chapter XIII? verse 19. Purusha here means Jiva (the individual soul).Even a child smiles and experiences exhilaration? grief? fear? anger? pleasure and pain. Who taught it The impressions of the virtuous and vicious actions of this birth cannot be the cause of these. The impressions of the previous birth alone are the cause of all these. They (the impressions) must have a support. From this we can clearly infer the existence of the individual soul in the previous birth and that the individual soul is beginningless. If you do not accept that the individual soul is beginningless? the two defects of Kritanasa (nonfruition of actions performed) and Akritabhyagama (causeless effect) will creep in. Pleasure and pain which are the fruits of virtuous and vicious actions done previously will pass away without being experienced. This is the defect of Kritanasa. So also? one will have to enjoy pleasure and pain? the fruits of good and bad actions which were not done by him previously. This is the defect of Akritabhyagama. In order to get rid of these two defects we will have to accept that the individual soul is beginningless. The scriptures,also emphatically declare that the soul is beginningless.

Alignment

machine-validated; human review pending

Checksum

14c96d790e7f…