Sāṅkhya Yoga

2.20

machine-aligned; two human reviews pendingKrishna

Sanskrit · Devanagari

न जायते म्रियते वा कदाचिन् नायं भूत्वा भविता वा न भूयः। अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणो न हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे ॥

Sanskrit · IAST

na jāyate mriyate vā kadācin nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ ajo nityaḥ śāśvato.ayaṃ purāṇo na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre

English witness

Kashinath Trimbak Telang, 1882
It is not born, nor does it ever die, nor, having existed, does it exist no more. Unborn, everlasting, unchangeable, and primeval, it is not killed when the body is killed. O son of Pṛthā! how can that man who knows it thus to be indestructible everlasting unborn

This verse-level alignment is machine-assisted and awaits two independent human checks. Confidence signal: 53%.

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Commentary · Sanskrit

Śaṅkarācārya

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।।2.20।। न जायते न उत्पद्यते जनिलक्षणा वस्तुविक्रिया न आत्मनो विद्यते इत्यर्थः। तथा न म्रियते वा । वाशब्दः चार्थे। न म्रियते च इति अन्त्या विनाशलक्षणा विक्रिया प्रतिषिध्यते। कदाचिच्छ ब्दः सर्वविक्रियाप्रतिषेधैः संबध्यते न कदाचित् जायते न कदाचित् म्रियते इत्येवम्। यस्मात् अयम् आत्मा भूत्वा भवनक्रियामनुभूय पश्चात् अभविता अभावं गन्ता न भूयः पुनः तस्मात् न म्रियते। यो हि भूत्वा न भविता स म्रियत इत्युच्यते लोके। वाशब्दात् न शब्दाच्च अयमात्मा अभूत्वा वा भविता देहवत् न भूयः। तस्मात् न जायते। यो हि अभूत्वा भविता स जायत इत्युच्यते। नैवमात्मा। अतो न जायते। यस्मादेवं तस्मात् अजः यस्मात् न म्रियते तस्मात् नित्य श्च। यद्यपि आद्यन्तयोर्विक्रिययोः प्रतिषेधे सर्वा विक्रियाः प्रतिषिद्धा भवन्ति तथापि मध्यभाविनीनां विक्रियाणां स्वशब्दैरेव प्रतिषेधः कर्तव्यः अनुक्तानामपि यौवनादिसमस्तविक्रियाणां प्रतिषेधो यथा स्यात् इत्याह शाश्वत इत्यादिना। शाश्वत इति अपक्षयलक्षणा विक्रिया प्रतिषिध्यते। शश्वद्भवः शाश्वतः। न अपक्षीयते स्वरूपेण निरवयवत्वात्। नापि गुणक्षयेण अपक्षयः निर्गुणत्वात्। अपक्षयविपरीतापि वृद्धिलक्षणा विक्रिया प्रतिषिध्यते पुराण इति। यो हि अवयवागमेन उपचीयते स वर्धते अभिनव इति च उच्यते। अयं तु आत्मा निरवयवत्वात् पुरापि नव एवेति पुराणः न वर्धते इत्यर्थः। तथा न हन्यते । हन्तिः अत्र विपरिणामार्थे द्रष्टव्यः अपुनरुक्ततायै। न विपरिणम्यते इत्यर्थः। हन्यमाने विपरिणम्यमानेऽपि शरीरे । अस्मिन् मन्त्रे षड् भावविकारा लौकिकवस्तुविक्रिया आत्मनि प्रतिषिध्यन्ते। सर्वप्रकारविक्रियारहित आत्मा इति वाक्यार्थः। यस्मादेवं तस्मात् उभौ तौ न विजानीतः इति पूर्वेण मन्त्रेण अस्य संबन्धः।।य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारम् इत्यनेन मन्त्रेण हननक्रियायाः कर्ता कर्म च न भवति इति प्रतिज्ञाय न जायते इत्यनेन अविक्रियत्वं हेतुमुक्त्वा प्रतिज्ञातार्थमुपसंहरति

Alignment
machine-validated; human review pending
Checksum
a29ac2522a57
Translation · English

Rāmānuja

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2.20 As the self is eternal for the reasons mentioned (above), and hence free from modifications, it is said that all the attributes of the insentient (body) like birth, death etc., never touch the self. In this connection, as the statement, 'It is never born, It never dies' is in the present tense, it should be understood that the birth and death which are experienced by all in all bodies, do not touch the self. The statement 'Having come into being once, It never ceases to be' means that this self, having emerged at the beginning of a Kalpa (one aeon of manifestation) will not cease to be at the end of the Kalpa (i.e., will emerge again at the beginning of the next Kalpa unless It is liberated). This is the meaning - that birth at the beginning of a Kalpa in bodies such as those of Brahman and others, and death at the end of a Kalpa as stated in the scriptures, do not touch the self. Hence, the selves in all bodies, are unborn, and therefore eternal. It is abiding, not connected, like matter, with invisible modifications taking place. It is primeval; the meaning is that It existed from time immemorial; It is even new i.e., It is capable of being experienced always as fresh. Therefore, when the body is slain the self is not slain.

Alignment
machine-validated; human review pending
Checksum
59fda213cf3d
Commentary · English

Swami Sivananda

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2.20 न not? जायते is born? म्रियते dies? वा or? कदाचित् at any time? न not? अयम् this (Self)? भूत्वा having been? भविता will be? वा or? न not? भूयः (any) more? अजः unborn? नित्यः eternal? शाश्वतः changeless? अयम् this? पुराणः ancient? न not? हन्यते is killed? हन्यमाने being killed? शरीरे in body.Commentary This Self (Atman) is destitute of the six types of transformation or BhavaVikaras such as birth? existence? growth? transformation? decline and death. As It is indivisible (Akhanda). It does not diminish in size. It neither grows nor does It decline. It is ever the same. Birth and death are for the physical body only. Birth and death cannot touch the immortal? allpervading Self.

Alignment
machine-validated; human review pending
Checksum
c4b1822eb607

These supplied texts come from the pinned VedicScriptures dataset under GPL-3.0 and await independent alignment review.

Record integrity

Provenance

Canonical ID
gita.2.20
Corpus version
gita-1.0.0-rc.1
Text review
machine-cross-checked; two human passes pending
Devanagari and IAST digital witness
vedic-scriptures · BG2.20
English translation witness
telang-1882 · Chapter 2; aligned against BG2.20
SHA-256
dd4f537a8f07e098b83616f6b399efe9910c22e5f741631d82451bad7475b643