Sanskrit · Devanagari
कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम्। परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम् ॥
Sanskrit · IAST
kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyaṃ vaiśyakarma svabhāvajam paricaryātmakaṃ karma śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam
English witness
Kashinath Trimbak Telang, 1882Agriculture, tending cattle, trade, (this) is the natural duty of Vaiśyas, And the natural duty of Śūdras, too, consists in service. (Every) man intent on his own respective duties obtains perfection.
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29 translations and commentaries are aligned to this verse. Choose up to three; the root verse and Telang witness stay above them.
Śaṅkarācārya
।।18.44।। --,कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं कृषिश्च गौरक्ष्यं च वाणिज्यं च कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यम्? कृषिः भूमेः विलेखनम्? गौरक्ष्यं गाः रक्षतीति गोरक्षः तस्य भावः गौरक्ष्यम्? पाशुपाल्यम् इत्यर्थः? वाणिज्यं वणिक्कर्म क्रयविक्रयादिलक्षणं वैश्यकर्म वैश्यजातेः कर्म वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम्। परिचर्यात्मकं शुश्रूषास्वभावं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम्।।एतेषां जातिविहितानां कर्मणां सम्यगनुष्ठितानां स्वर्गप्राप्तिः फलं स्वभावतः? वर्णा आश्रमाश्च स्वकर्मनिष्ठाः प्रेत्य कर्मफलमनुभूय ततः शेषेण विशिष्टदेशजातिकुलधर्मायुःश्रुतवृत्तवित्तसुखमेधसो जन्म प्रतिपद्यन्ते इत्यादिस्मृतिभ्यः (आ. स्मृ. 2।2।2।3) पुराणे च वर्णिनाम् आश्रमिणां च लोकफलभेदविशेषस्मरणात्। कारणान्तरात्तु इदं वक्ष्यमाणं फलम् --,
835304031712…Rāmānuja
18.44 'Agriculture' is cultivation to produce crops. The meaning of 'cattle breeding' is the protection and rearing of cattle. 'Trade' is the activity causing the amassing of wealth through buying and selling. This is the duty of Vaisya born of his inherent nature. The duty of a Sudra, born of his inherent nature, is service to the three Orders mentioned earlier. All these have been described to stress that the occupational activities of the four stations are auxiliary to the performance of sacrifices etc., which are ordained by the Sastra. Sacrifices etc., are common to the first three stations. Control of the senses etc., are common to those who, among the first three stations, are anxious for release. As a Brahmana possesses preponderance of Sattva, and as the control of the senses, mind etc., can be performed by him easily and naturally, control of the senses etc., have been prescribed as his duty. As control of the mind, senses etc., can be performed only with difficulty by the Ksatriyas and the Vaisyas owing to the preponderance of Rajas and Tamas respectively in them, these have not been stated as their duty. The occupation of a Brahmana is officiating as priest in sacrifices, teaching the Vedas and receiving gifts. The occupation of a Ksatriya is protecting the people and that of the Vaisyas is farming etc., as mentioned before. The duty and occupation of the Sudra is service to the three stations.
a1c8a58d2e7c…Swami Sivananda
18.44 कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यम् agriculture? cattlerearing and trade? वैश्यकर्म the duties of Vaisya? स्वभावजम् born of nature? परिचर्यात्मकम् consisting of service? कर्म action? शूद्रस्य of the Sudra? अपि also? स्वभावजम् born of nature.Commentary When a man performs his duties rightly according to his caste and order of life his heart is purified and he goes to heaven. Apastambha Dharma Sutra declares? Men of severla,castes and orders? each devoted to his respective duties? reap the fruits of their actions after death? and then by the residual Karma attain to births in superior Dharma? span of life? learning? conduct? wealth? happiness and intelligence (2?2?2?3). There is a vivid description in the Puranas also of the different results and worlds which men of the four castes and orders obtain by discharging their respective duties.
b6ec017958b2…These supplied texts come from the pinned VedicScriptures dataset under GPL-3.0 and await independent alignment review.