18.55

।।18.55।। -- भक्त्या माम् अभिजानाति यावान् अहम् उपाधिकृतविस्तरभेदः? यश्च अहम् अस्मि विध्वस्तसर्वोपाधिभेदः उत्तमः पुरुषः आकाशकल्पः? तं माम् अद्वैतं चैतन्यमात्रैकरसम् अजरम् अभयम् अनिधनं तत्त्वतः अभिजानाति। ततः माम् एवं तत्त्वतः ज्ञात्वा विशते तदनन्तरं मामेव ज्ञानानन्तरम्। नात्र ज्ञानप्रवेशक्रिये भिन्ने विवक्षिते ज्ञात्वा विशते तदनन्तरम् इति। किं तर्हि फलान्तराभावात् ज्ञानमात्रमेव? क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि (गीता 13।2) इति उक्तत्वात्।।ननु विरुद्धम् इदम् उक्तम् ज्ञानस्य या परा निष्ठा तया माम् अभिजानाति (गीता 18।50) इति। कथं विरुद्धम् इति चेत्? उच्यते -- यदैव यस्मिन् विषये ज्ञानम् उत्पद्यते ज्ञातुः? तदैव तं विषयम् अभिजानाति ज्ञाता इति न ज्ञाननिष्ठां ज्ञानावृत्तिलक्षणाम् अपेक्षते इति अतश्च ज्ञानेन न अभिजानाति? ज्ञानावृत्त्या तु ज्ञाननिष्ठया अभिजानातीति। नैष दोषः ज्ञानस्य स्वात्मोत्पत्तिपरिपाकहेतुयुक्तस्य प्रतिपक्षविहीनस्य यत् आत्मानुभवनिश्चयावसानत्वं तस्य निष्ठाशब्दाभिलापात्। शास्त्राचार्योपदेशेन ज्ञानोत्पत्तिहेतुं सहकारिकारणं बुद्धिविशुद्धत्वादि अमानित्वादिगुणं च अपेक्ष्य जनितस्य क्षेत्रज्ञपरमात्मैकत्वज्ञानस्य कर्तृत्वादिकारकभेदबुद्धिनिबन्धनसर्वकर्मसंन्याससहितस्य स्वात्मानुभवनिश्चयरूपेण यत् अवस्थानम्? सा परा ज्ञाननिष्ठा इति उच्यते। सा इयं ज्ञाननिष्ठा आर्तादिभक्तित्रयापेक्षया परा चतुर्थी भक्तिरिति उक्ता। तया परया भक्त्या भगवन्तं तत्त्वतः अभिजानाति? यदनन्तरमेव ईश्वरक्षेत्रज्ञभेदबुद्धिः अशेषतः निवर्तते। अतः ज्ञाननिष्ठालक्षणतया भक्त्या माम् अभिजानातीति वचनं न विरुध्यते। अत्र च सर्वं निवृत्तिविधायि शास्त्रं वेदान्तेतिहासपुराणस्मृतिलक्षणं न्यायप्रसिद्धम् अर्थवत् भवति -- विदित्वा৷৷৷৷ व्युत्थायाथ भिक्षाचर्यं चरन्ति (बृह0 उ0 3।5।1) तस्मान्न्यासमेषां तपसामतिरिक्तमाहुः (ना0 उ0 2।79) न्यास एवात्यरेचयत् (ना0 उ0 2।78) इति। संन्यासः कर्मणां न्यासः वेदानिमं च लोकममुं च परित्यज्य (आप0 ध0 1।23।13) त्यज धर्ममधर्मं च ( महा0 शा0 329।40) इत्यादि। इह च प्रदर्शितानि वाक्यानि। न च तेषां वाक्यानाम् आनर्थक्यं युक्तम् न च अर्थवादत्वम् स्वप्रकरणस्थत्वात्? प्रत्यगात्माविक्रियस्वरूपनिष्ठत्वाच्च मोक्षस्य। न हि पूर्वसमुद्रं जिगिमिषोः प्रातिलोम्येन प्रत्यक्समुद्रजिगमिषुणा समानमार्गत्वं संभवति। प्रत्यगात्मविषयप्रत्ययसंतानकरणाभिनिवेशश्च ज्ञाननिष्ठा सा च प्रत्यक्समुद्रगमनवत् कर्मणा सहभावित्वेन विरुध्यते। पर्वतसर्षपयोरिव अन्तरवान् विरोधः प्रमाणविदां निश्चितः। तस्मात् सर्वकर्मसंन्यासेनैव ज्ञाननिष्ठा कार्या इति सिद्धम्।।स्वकर्मणा भगवतः अभ्यर्चनभक्तियोगस्य सिद्धिप्राप्तिः फलं ज्ञाननिष्ठायोग्यता? यन्निमित्ता ज्ञाननिष्ठा मोक्षफलावसाना सः भगवद्भक्तियोगः अधुना स्तूयते शास्त्रार्थोपसंहारप्रकरणे शास्त्रार्थनिश्चयदार्ढ्याय --,

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18.55 Through such devotion, he knows 'who I am,' i.e., knows My own essence and My nature, and 'what I am,' i.e., in My attributes and glory. Knowing Me truly, he rises to a higher level than this Bhakti, and aciring knowledge of the truth, enters into Me through devotion. The meaning is that he attains Me by means of infinite and unsurpassed Bhakti which develops subseent in time to the vision of the nature, attributes and glory of the Lord in reality. Here the term 'Tatah' (through) denotes that devotion is the cause of attainment; for it has been stated to be the cause of entrance n the text, 'But by singel-minded devotion it is possible ৷৷.' (11.54). In this way, the crowning development has been told starting from the disinterested performance of periodical and occasional rites suitable for the various stations and stages of life, which are to be performed to propitiate the Supreme Person. Sri Krsna now explains that even for actions meant for attaining desired objects (Kamya-karmas) the crowning stage is the same as for these described above, provided they too are done not for fulfilling one's desires but as offerings to propitiate the Supreme Person.

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18.55 भक्त्या by devotion? माम् Me? अभिजानाति (he) knows? यावान् what? यः who? च and? अस्मि (I) am? तत्त्वतः in truth? ततः then? माम् Me? तत्त्वतः in truth? ज्ञात्वा having known? विशते (he) enters? तत् that? अनन्तरम् afterwards.Commentary My devotee? O Arjuna? who has attained to union with Me through singleminded and unflinching devotion is verily My very Self. Devotion culminates in knowledge. Devotion begins with two and ends in one. ParaBhakti (supreme devotion) and Jnana are one. Devotion is the mother. Knowledge is the son. By devotion he knows that I am allpervading pure,consciousness he knows that I am nondual? unborn? decayless? causeless? selfluminous? indivisible? unchanging he knows that I am destitute of all the differences caused by the limiting adjuncts he knows that I am the support? source? womb? basis? and substratum of everything he knows that I am the ruler of all beings he knows that I am the Supreme Purusha? the controller of Maya? and that this world is a mere appearance. Thus knowing Me in truth or in essence? he enters into Me soon after attaining Selfknowledge.The act of knowing and the act of entering are not two distinct acts. Knowing is becoming. Knowing is attaining Selfknowledge. To know That is to become That. Entering is knowing or beoming That. Entering is the attainment of Selfknowledge or Selfrealisation. These are all jugglery of words only. Knowing and entering are synonymous terms. It is very difficult to understand or comprehend transcendental spiritual matters. The teachers use various terms or expressions? analogies? similes? parables? stories? etc. to make the aspirant grasp the matter clearly and lucidly. Words are imperfect and languages are defective. They cannot fully express the inner spiritual experiences. The teacher somehow or other expresses to the students or aspirants these spiritual ideas. The aspirant himself will have to realise the Self. That is beyond the reach of words of expressions or analogies of similes. How can there be similes for that nondual Brahman These words are a sort of help or prop for the aspirants to lean upon in the beginning to understand spiritual matters. When he realises the Self? these words are of no value to him. He himself becomes an embodiment of knowledge.

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