Mokṣa Sannyāsa Yoga

18.32

machine-aligned; two human reviews pendingKrishna

Sanskrit · Devanagari

अधर्मं धर्ममिति या मन्यते तमसावृता। सर्वार्थान्विपरीतांश्च बुद्धिः सा पार्थ तामसी ॥

Sanskrit · IAST

adharmaṃ dharmamiti yā manyate tamasāvṛtā sarvārthānviparītāṃśca buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī

English witness

Kashinath Trimbak Telang, 1882
understands impiety (to be) piety and all things incorrectly. That courage O son of Pṛthā! is good courage which is unswerving and by which one controls the operations of the mind breath

This verse-level alignment is machine-assisted and awaits two independent human checks. Confidence signal: 17%.

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29 translations and commentaries are aligned to this verse. Choose up to three; the root verse and Telang witness stay above them.

Commentary · Sanskrit

Śaṅkarācārya

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।।18.32।। --,अधर्मं प्रतिषिद्धं धर्मं विहितम् इति या मन्यते जानाति तमसा आवृता सती? सर्वार्थान् सर्वानेव ज्ञेयपदार्थान् विपरीतांश्च विपरीतानेव विजानाति? बुद्धिः सा पार्थ? तामसी।।

Alignment
machine-validated; human review pending
Checksum
3ba9fc863144
Translation · English

Rāmānuja

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18.32 That Buddhi is of the nature of Tamas which is 'enveloped in Tamas' and 'reverses every value.' The meaning is that it regards Adharma as Dharma and Dharma as Adharma, existent as non-existent, and non-existent as existent, and higher truth as the lower and the lower truth as the higher, and thus reverses every value.

Alignment
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Checksum
5a26f9d4d6e8
Commentary · English

Swami Sivananda

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18.32 अधर्मम् Adharma? धर्मम् Dharma? इति thus? या which? मन्यते thinks? तमसा by darkness? आवृता enveloped? सर्वार्थान् all things? विपरीतान् perverted? च and? बुद्धिः intellect? सा that? पार्थ O Partha? तामसी Tamasic (dark).Commentary That intellect which regards righteous acts as evil? and considers right things to be false? which treats everything in a contrary sense and looks upon virtues as if they were vices and takes everything that the scriptures declare to be good as being entirely wrong? is Tamasic. It views all things in a perverted light.Thus? O Arjuna? I have explained to thee the three aspects of the intellect. Now listen to the explanation of the characteristics of the three aspects of firmness.

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f89b3666c365

These supplied texts come from the pinned VedicScriptures dataset under GPL-3.0 and await independent alignment review.

Record integrity

Provenance

Canonical ID
gita.18.32
Corpus version
gita-1.0.0-rc.1
Text review
machine-cross-checked; two human passes pending
Devanagari and IAST digital witness
vedic-scriptures · BG18.32
English translation witness
telang-1882 · Chapter 18; aligned against BG18.32
SHA-256
47a6fc472651eded0f8f7d3099c261c5534f69886afccd20dd5704652dd3934b